The Whiteness of Nerds

The efficency of suppliers prequaification Essay Example

The efficency of suppliers prequaification Essay Example The efficency of suppliers prequaification Essay The efficency of suppliers prequaification Essay The public owners for instance award contracts o the lowest responsible bidder in order to fulfill the requirements of the law that protect public interest and funds, prevent fraud, collusion, and favoritism, and obtain quality construction at reasonable and fair prices. Determination of the lowest bidder is easy and direct, while on the other hand determining whether the contractor is responsible or not is not as easy. Selection of contractors based on the lowest bid price has been criticized by a section of the construction industry itself. It has long been a source of frustration to those involved with competitive-bid construction projects that owners often treat low- laity construction work no differently from high-quality construction work. Both owners and contractors have acknowledged this problem. In a study carried out for SHASTA by Minch Jar. And Smith, 2001 , it was observed that contractors who were confident in their ability to produce high-quality work expressed their perceptions that public owners actually reward poor workmanship, at least indirectly. According to the contractors, they do this by not penalizing poor workmanship, thus giving a bidding edge to those contractors who take advantage of the owners reluctance to penalize them. The contractors performing high quality work are discouraged about the prospect of continuing to bid for construction work against contractors who consistently submit low bids and produce low quality products. In many cases, it was expressed that these same low bidding contractors consistently submit change orders for extras even when the claimed work was part of the original design. No evidence was provided, however, to support these claims. Contractor prettification is one of the processes among many others that are used to ensure that the right contractor is chosen for the right Job. Briefly, contractor prettification can be defined as a decision making process by which an owner evaluates the competence of a candidate contractor to perform the requirements associated with a given project even before the final bidding process is set in motion. Contractor prettification will be described in greater detail in the subsequent chapter. One or any combination of the following may be considered for prettification: Contractors. Subcontractors. Suppliers. Products. Services, including professional services. Prettification of contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, products and services for publicly funded projects is problematic and the potential for criticism by the private sector, particularly by those parties who are not qualified, is always present. Thus making it obvious for everyone that the prettification process is not be taken lightly and also that its application is a function of a projects complexity and magnitude. Several multi criteria decision making models for contractor prettification are available for use in the industry and research field. These decision making models encompass a wide range of methodologies beginning with the simple Point Allocation PA) methodology and ending up with complex models such as models based on genetic algorithms, neural networks and stochastic probabilities. Each method has its own unique group of users. Users have based their choice of prettification models on varying factors such as user sophistication, cost of application of method, appropriateness of application of method to the particular project etc. This proliferation of prettification models is both a boon and a bane for an educated owner since it gives the owner a wide range of models to choose from while at the AMA time it creates doubt in the owners mind regarding the best possible method or model for prevailing contractors for a particular project. The models that are on the high end level of the methodology ladder are too sophisticated to be easily understood and appreciated by an average owner thus leaving the owner with no choice but to choose a model from the existing simpler ones being used in the industry. The advantage of using models implemented in industry is that they are simpler and easily understandable by everyone in the construction industry. This type of models can be labeled as Practical prettification models. Within the Practical models the level of sophistication varies from the simple to the highly complex. The issue of concern is to determine how efficient these contractor prettification models really are. Which contractor prettification model gives the best result when each prettification model is supplied with the same set of contractor information? This issue can be best addressed by a comparative analysis of prettification models. This analysis would include both quantitative as well as qualitative analysis in order to arrive at a proper conclusion regarding the efficacy of he prettification models.

Journal #2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Journal #2 - Assignment Example It is a symbol of family unity, a bond uniting me and my grandmother, and consequently my great grandfather. It is a golden necklace whose value indicates that it was a treasure that has to be passed-on the family line, an indication that the family relationship is valued and treasured. The leather wallet given to me by my uncle during my 12th birthday remains another valued artifact for me. The wallet has my names inscribed on it, and it is made up of pure leather. My uncle ordered it as a birthday gift for me when I was turning 12 years old, and it has remained the favorite of all my possessions, more so because it has my name on it. The significance of this artifact is that it gives me my identity, my name. Whenever I have the wallet with me, I feel that I have something that identifies with me, with my name. It signifies that presents and gifts can make a real impact on the life of an individual. The photograph of me, my sister and our friends at the train station when we were young, is another artifact that I value. The photograph was taken when we were young, during our migration journey to our new home. It was taken when my sister was crying at the train station, when we were waiting to board a train, because she did not like the idea of moving from our previous residence to our new home. She was sad, since she was leaving all her friends behind, and we were trying to console her. The significance of this artifact is that it reminds me of our childhood, when were so close with my sister. It brings back the beautiful memories of our life in our previous residence, where we lived closely with our neighbors since the residences were not spacious, and all families integrated as though they were one big family. It is an artifact signifying social integration that is rarely possible these days. My friend gave me a painting when I was graduating from high school, which has always reminded me of our friendship. Many

American Alcohol Prohibition Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

American Alcohol Prohibition - Thesis Example Crime, especially organized crime, was on the rise and many believed alcohol was at the root of many of these problems including the changing American family values. When Herbert Hoover introduced prohibition in 1919 he called it "the noble experiment", presenting it as a law that hoped to curb sin and poverty across America. In fact, the 18th Amendment was part of a wider reaction from white, Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASPS) against social changes within the USA brought on by mass immigration and the growth in demand for African-American rights. Therefore despite claims of prohibition being a progressive reform, in fact, it symbolized a rejection of modernity. So, on January 17, 1920, the United States Government enacted the eighteenth amendment to the Constitution which â€Å"prohibited Americans from manufacturing, selling, or transporting alcoholic beverages.†1 This decision, also known as the Noble Experiment, would remain in effect just short of thirteen years regardless of intense opposition. The position of those in favor of this law was that it was the duty and responsibility of the government to protect all of its citizens. In spite of the controversial nature of this decision, this was not a new concept as Asbridge and Weerasinghe note that â€Å"Concerted national policy efforts around prohibition in the United States began in 1913 (facilitated by the Webb–Kenyon Act) followed, a few years later, with the enactment of the War Prohibition Act in 1918, banning the manufacture and sale of all beverages with more than 2.75% alcohol.†2 Various states had their own adoptions of state restrictions on alcohol particularly in areas where alcohol-related incidents were high. â€Å"For Chicago, alcohol’s link to organized crime was particularly troubling. Not until the election of Mayor William Dever in 1923, a man who believed firmly in the letter of the law and who enforced prohibition stalwartly, did a formal attack on bootleggin g and organized crime emerge; however, this led to intense territorial wars between organized crime gangs, including the famous Chicago Beer Wars that resulted in dozens of homicides.†3 The hope was that limiting alcohol could limit the crime as well as growing immorality and concern of compromising ethical values of the American people. However, this act received huge opposition as it decreased income for many but also created losses in sales tax revenue. The demand for alcohol only led to the illegal sales of alcohol and bootleggers soon emerged creating additional problems while the sales of alcohol continued in spite of the legality. This example alone should have provided evidence that limiting alcohol on a national scale would not be any more successful. Although consumption of alcohol fell at the beginning of Prohibition, it subsequently increased. Alcohol became more dangerous to consume; crime increased and became "organized"; the court and prison systems were stretch ed to the breaking point, and corruption of public officials was rampant. No measurable gains were made in productivity or reduced absenteeism.

10 years from now Essay Example for Free

10 years from now Essay My primary goal over the next ten years is to graduate from the University of Florida. I will major in advertising and possibly minor in business administration. I will graduate with a Masters of Advertising (M.Adv.). In order to get this degree, I have to complete at least one hundred and twenty-four hours of credits. Some of the classes I will need to take for my major are Principles of Macroeconomics, Principles of Advertising, Advertising campaigns, and Media Planning. To earn a Masters of Advertising, at least thirty-three credits are required excluding undergraduate courses throughout the university. There are eighteen core credits out of the thirty-three. Some Classes unique to my degree are Advertising Planning, Advertising Theory, and Creative Advertising Strategies. Electives such as International communication and Advanced Media Planning are also required. A Business Administration minor at the University of Florida provides an overview of the major practical elements of business for non-business UF undergraduates. This minor can be completed on line, at UF or through a study abroad program. To earn a Business Administration minor, twenty four credits must be completed while maintaining a 2.0 or higher GPA in the minor. Obtaining a master’s degree would be beneficial in that a higher pay is earned and greater expertise in that subject is attained. The average tuition cost for undergraduates living either on or off campus at the University of Florida is $20,220. My schooling will be paid for by family savings and a Bright Futures scholarship. During my time at the Uni versity of Florida I would like to study abroad. My top locations are Madrid, London or Rome. Studying abroad would be a great experience. Through this program I could improve and increase my language skills, gain different perspectives on vital global issues, encounter new things and meet new people. The Department of Advertising at the University of Florida strongly encourages students to gain work experience through internships. Although internships are not required, they can have great benefit in the long run. Through internships, my interest, motivation and willingness to work hard could be noticed by future coworkers, clients and bosses. After completing  schooling and internships I hope to become a Director of Public Affairs in Tampa, Florida. Directors of public affairs are responsible for developing effective communication plans that strengthens brand promise, create and launch new media and marketing and to resolve public affairs issues. Qualifications for this position include a Bachelor’s degree in Communications, Public Relations or Journalism. Strong media relations skills and strong relationships with key media outlets such as print, television, bloggers and radio are preferred. The ability to multi task and to take initiative in a fast paced environment is favorable. The median pay for a Director of public affairs in Florida is $58,000. The tax rate for that income is $7,929 or 14.74%. A Director of Public affairs works with the management and assigns tasks to the staff. To ensure and maintain the company’s good reputation, the Director of Public Affairs must supervise and review the activities of the staff. In ten years, my main form of transportation will be by car. One of the most important factors considered when buying a car is price. I lean towards bigger cars such as a GMC Tahoe or a Honda Pilot. The estimated average cost of either of these cars ranges from $18,000 to $30,000. One of the disadvantages of driving a larger car is the high cost of fueling. As a result of the low MPG, a larger sum of money will have to be budgeted for gas every month. Before I begin the search for a car, a target price should be determined. It’s important to also consider how much the car can be sold or traded for in the future. Another factor to consider is whether the car will be new or used. New cars are favorable because the car won’t have any unknown problems prior to purchasing it. Used cars are beneficial due to their lower prices and shorter financing periods. In my opinion, the benefits of a used car outweigh the disadvantages. The ability to travel will play a key role in my j ob selection. I would like to travel around the world to places I’ve never been including places such as New Zealand, Australia, Italy, and Spain. I would also love to be able to go back to Scotland to see my family and visit parts of the country I’ve never seen. Tampa, Florida would be my ideal city to live in. Downtown Tampa is the central business district of Tampa. Living in a two bedroom apartment with a  roommate would make the most sense, financially, when I am starting my career. Bell Channelside is an upscale apartment community that would be suitable to both my needs and wants. The average cost for a two bedroom apartment at Bell Channelside ranges from $1442 to $1750 with a down payment of $300. These apartments have an impressive walk score of 82. The Tampa Aquarium, Channelside Bay Plaza, nightlife, dining and shopping are all in walking distance of Bell Channelside apartments. They are also conveniently close to the I-275 and the Crosstown Expressway. The crime rate in Downtown Tampa is less than 42% of the cities in Florida. Contrary to what many may assume about Downtown Tampa, it is safer than 77.9% of the neighborhoods in Tampa. ï ¿ ¼ In order to stay out of debt and to maintain my funds, I will have to budget my spending. Ten years from now, student loans will likely still need to be paid off. Falling into debt would add unnecessary stress and would delay paying off my student loans and prevent me from investing for the future. The average yearly pay of a Director of Public affairs is $58,000 which calculates to an estimated $4,833 every month. A minimum of $750 will be paid each month for rent. Monthly utilities usually aren’t included in the rent so at least $50 should be set aside for groceries and $65 to $90 for gas. The pie chart in the figure above breaks down the cost of living expenses in Tampa based on a monthly income of $4,000. I will also put money into long-term investments. Long term investing will aid future purchases and savings for houses, education and funds for traveling. If I stick to my budget and follow my plan, you will be able to find me living in Downtoan Tampa, working as a Direct or of Public Affairs, and driving a slightly used Honda Pilot in 2023.

Health Promotion in the UK

Health Promotion in the UK Introduction Health promotion is a vast and complex subject, encompassing aspects of definitions of health, practical and political approaches to promoting health, education, social policy and particular notions related to preventative approaches to lifestyle management. As such, it requires careful examination and consideration in terms of the current UK socio-political culture and in terms of the evolution of health promotion into its current state (Scriven and Orme, 2001). Health promotion involves a great variety of people, professions and players, including politicians, doctors, nurses, social care professionals, teachers and educators, the legal profession, and of course, the general public. It touches everyone in our society in one form or another, from the advertising on cigarette packets to the nutritional information displayed on supermarket foods. Therefore, it is of concern to everyone in society, because it considers health, however it is defined, as being to a certain degree manageable, in that the manipulation of lifestyle and environmental factors can support people in achieving optimum health and wellbeing. However, its very complexity, partly due to its historical evolution, partly due to the complex social and political interactions which define the sphere of health in society, can mean that simplistic notions of health, health promotion and associated concepts are difficult to define and to achieve. This essay will address some of the complexities of the issues of health promotion. It will attempt to define what health promotion is, what ideas, ideals and concepts it includes, and how health promotion is realised in a practical sense. It will also address the need for exploration of the outcomes and interactions of health promotion activities, and their social and institutional context. It will, of necessity, discuss aspects of the healthcare systems within the United Kingdom which pertain to the subject, and of the socio-political systems and histories which underpin the current climate. It will then examine vital aspects of health promotion, such as health education and communication, participative approaches to health promotion, and evaluation of health promotion initiatives. The author will also attempt to debate ethical, political and professional dilemmas that arise in new practices and policies for promoting health and explore the development of ways of promoting health t hat tackle social and economic inequalities and that are holistic and culturally sensitive. What is Health Promotion? Tones (2001) describes health promotion as a contested concept, raising immediately the notion of differing definitions of health promotion, perhaps based on different conceptualisations of health or different social or political imperatives. Health promotion has often been viewed as synonymous with health education, while health education conversely is often believed to be a fundamental component of health promotion (Tones, 2001). It is also linked with and perhaps interchangeable with definitions of public health (Tones, 2001). This relationship with public health immediately takes the notion of health promotion away from the individual sphere and places it firmly in the public sphere, within the context of the social and political systems of the nation in question, or within a global perspective, both of which are applicable to this essay and discussion. Tones (2001) suggests a formula for health promotion where healthy public policy is multiplied with health education, establishi ng their relationship as the basis for our definitions of the concept. The World Health Organisation defines health promotion as the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. This generic definition suggests that health itself is an individual state over which individuals can have some measure of control. Jones et al (2002, p.xi) also suggest that for many people, health promotion means targeting behaviour, but view it as something imposed upon them which does not necessarily work for them. However, given that promoting heath is a diverse, complex and multi-faceted activity (Jones et al, 2002, p5), these definitions do not address the range of activities and ideologies associated with the process. Health promotion policy appears to combine diverse approaches which include legislation, financial measures, taxation and organizational change. Tones (2001) simplistic suggestion of a formula of the interdependence of health education and healthy public policy as a definition of health promotion does not focus on the role of the individual. Both are equally important in our understanding of this issue. Tones (2001 p4) however further goes on to discuss a model of health promotion which focuses on the purpose of healthy public policy and health education, which is argued to be the empowerment of individuals and communities to reduce or remove the various barrier spreventing the attainnment of health for all. This is a more useful definition, but rather idealistic, as it sugges ts that such a goal is achievable, and there may be vast differences in individuals’ notions of ‘health’ and their abilities to achieve this. Health promotion and health education are often also seen as synonymous. Health education can be as complex an issue as health promotion to define. Education implies somebody ‘teaching’ or educating, and somebody learning new information. Tones (2001) p 15) describes emancipatory education, a dialectical process which involves critical consciousness raising which leads to the translation of critical thinking about social issues into action. Health education involves communication and the transmission or sharing of information, but also implies that such information must be assimilated by the recipient and then utilised in order to bring about change in the self or in aspects of behaviour, lifestyle or environment. There are great benefits in adopting the curent collective approach to promoting health, which aims to involve people not only in their own health and well-being but in acting together upon theirf physical, social, political and economic environment for the sake of health (Sidell et al, 2002, p 1). Such approaches allow for the incorporation, validation and promotion of individual and group needs based on diversity in race, ethnic or religious identity, social or lifestyle identity, social status and social and geographical inequality. Historical Milestones in Health Promotion Webster and French (2003 p9) suggest that while the immediate sources of health promotion and current approaches to public health lie in the political history of the 1970s, there are roots which go much further back, arguing that all communities have had some interest in co-ordinated community action to ensure a better life. The historical link between health promotion and public health is well established, with one of the most significant milestones being the formation of the National Health Service in 1948, whose medicalised approach initially hindered public health and health promotion initiatives as we see them today in favour of a treatment-oriented approach to illness (Webster and French 2003 p 10). Webster and French (2003 p11) suggest that the three seminal documents which launched what we know perceive as the health promotion movement were: the Lalonde Report New Perspectives on the Health of Canadians (1974); the World Health Organisation’s Global Strategy for Health for All by the Year 2000 (1981) and the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion 1986). It was these documents which, collectively, set out a vision for health improvement which exceeded the traditional approaches of sanitation engineering, lifestyle health education and preventing and caring health services which characterised health promotion to that point. Instead, health promotion became concerned principally with empowering citizens that that they could take control of their health an in so doing attain the best possible chance of a full and enjoyable life (Webster and French, 2003, p 15). This notion of empowerment appears fundamental to current perspectives on health promotion and to its influences on the National Health Service, including on such concepts as patient participation and collaboration, service user involvement and patient rights. This heralds a move away from the medicalisation of health towards a more social definition of health where power is apparently distributed more equally among those who experience and those who purport to affect health, illness and wellness. This is something that the World Health Organisation appears to have consistently advocated, a positive and holistic view of health which comprises mental, physical and social elements (Tones, 2001 p6). The Ottawa treaty, which encompasses the key principles of equity, empowerment and the reorientation of the health services, reflects this notion of demedicalisation, where collaborative working by the many agencies concerned with health promotion is believed to maximise the potential of any strategy or policy in this arena (Tones, 2001, p7). Within the UK, policy drivers which have driven health promotion initiatives are too numerous and complex to fully explore within the context of this essay. However, governmental initiatives, changes in health and social services, changes in approaches to public health and changes in statutory control and responsibility for public services have all formed part of the UK health promotion focus (Jones et al, 2002 p 9-13). However, there appears to be a counter culture of bottom up drivers as well, with empowerment leading to the enabling of the activities of community and voluntary groups to bring about change at local and even national levels. This reflects the overall picture of holistic health promotion as a community development activity rather than a policy founded in political rhetoric. Contextual and Practical Issues in Health Promotion The setting of health promotion is also of some concern, with the role of the media, community development and critical consciousness raising (Tones, 2001, p14-15) still areas of some debate. This author would argue that the media may have some merit in health promotion, but that there are likely to be many who do not trust the ‘messages’ given out given that so much advertising is false, suggestive and manipulative, and based on the need to sell products rather than truly promote health. Health and community services appear to be the most impactful arenas for health promotion to take place within. The National Health Service has already established a policy context for the promotion of health within public services (Adams, 2001 p35). Therefore, a primary and important leader for health promotion is the health authority, with its twin roles of service improvement and strategic leadership for improving health and tackling health inequalities (Adams, 2001, p38). Activities such as health needs assessments and community planning can be carried out in a collaborative and participative way with local organisations and community groups in order to target and focus health promotion activities at a policy level (Adams, 2001, p 39). Primary healthcare services and Primary Care Groups can also be a vehicle for health promotion (Velleman and Williams, 2001, p43), and given their location within communities should be ideally suited to this role. Such groups can focus on practical initiatives to reduce inequalities in health and to target issues such as heart disease, cancer, teenage pregnancies and accidents, on the back of governmental initiatives, alongside emergent and self-defined local issues (Velleman and Williams, 2001, p43). An example of an activity by a primary care group is of a stop smoking initiative, whereby health professionals were trained and located in GP practices to provide one to one support to smokers who want to quit, and practices were supported in developing systems that deliver stop smoking interventions effectively (Velleman and Williams, 2001 p 44). Such practices can have multiple benefits, both to the individuals whose health is improved by the intervention, and to their communities. The wider impact is also that such practices can serve as examples and provide evidence for other groups wishing to develop similar interventions. So it would seem that local initiatives can be of much wider importance. GPs have, following changes in contracts, been charged with the responsibility of improving the public’s health (Jones et al, 2002). But the limitations of their services, their training and their scope are still apparent (Jones et al, 2002). The National Health Service also has an already established professional context which is ideally suited to taking forward notions of true, holistic health promotion whereby communities and individuals become empowered as agents of their own wellbeing. Community nursing services, again on the frontline of NHS care and which function fully within the communities they serve, can be a vehicle for such activities (Wright, 2001, p58). These work alongside specialist health promotion services who act as catalysts and facilitators at local levels (Learmonth, 2001 p 66). Such professionals and services can be active in organisation development, through leadership, partnership, development, training, education and support and policy and strategy development (Learmonth, 2001, p66). They can also engage in evidence based practice, market research, communication and publicity, and programme management (Learmonth, 2001, p67). The benefits of having such professionals are obvious, particularly wit hin the already overstretched and under-funded health and social services sector. Such activities appear vitally important to achieving health promotion goals, and in particular to ensuring collaborative working and full community engagement. Therefore, specialist services can also support community development through advocacy, needs assessment, community participation, information for health, and evaluation of services (Learmonth, 2001, p 67). However, there are challenges, particularly in the capacity and recognition of such services and their location, which may fall between traditional services and serve to hinder their function (Learmonth, 2001, p75). Hospital nursing practice also provides vast scope for health promotion (Latter, 2001, p77). Among other potentialities, the role of the hospital nurse as the primary caregiver for individual patients equates to a significant scope for health education (Latter, 2001, p78). However, there is also the need to further develop this role, and support its expression in the beleaguered health service (Latter, 2001, p 79). Despite the challenges of this, it could be argued that nurses have a strong role to play in creating environments that are supportive of health, encouraging community participation in health and helping to generate healthy policies (Latter, 2001). It should be remembered, however, that nurses are themselves individuals, whose own health needs support and input, and so any drive towards increasing their functions within health promotion may also need to address their working conditions, and the demands which place a strain on their own health. Environment is another contextual issue in health promotion. The role of Local Authorities in supporting healthier environments and communities is described by Allen (2001, p 91), who argues that such authorities can act as role models, and through the work of environmental health services, can promote the health of communities through: food inspection and maintenance of food safety; housing standards; health and safety at work and during recreation; environmental protection; communicable disease prevention and control; licensing; drinking water surveillance; refuse collection and street cleaning; and pest control. These are statutory functions, but if effective and efficient, have obvious public health benefits and therefore health promotion benefits. In addition, the discretionary powers of local authorities can affect issues of HIV and AIDS, alcohol and drug addiction, nutrition, women and men’s health, heating and energy advice, occupational health, environmental enhanceme nt and poverty issues (Allen, 2001 p 91). Their limitations are apparent, but this is where the voluntary sector comes in, and often voluntary groups and agencies fill some of the gaps where statutory services cannot stretch to cover all areas. Social services address the social aspects of health, by engaging in preventive work with children and families, by involvement in the care of older people, and by engagement with the health and wellbeing of people with special needs (Jones and Rose, 2001 p 95-102.) Diversity issues can be addressed by some aspects of social services (Jones and Rose, 2001 p 95-102), but again, there are gaps, where in some areas voluntary agencies can fulfil identified needs that cannot be met by health and social care services. Another arena for health promotion is that of health education in schools (Scriven, 2001 p 115). This is another growth area, supported by a range of policy drivers (Scriven, 2001, p121; Beattie 2001 p 133). School nurses have always had a role in health promotion for specific age groups, and this is another area where health promotion opportunities can be maximised (Farrow, 2001 p 151). Similarly, there is some evidence that Universities can be effective loci of health promo tion activities, with the integration of visions of health within plans and policies and promotion of sustainable health within the wider community (Dooris and Thompson, 2001 p 160). For those who perhaps cannot be reached through these contexts, there is also the Youth Work setting, which also provides considerable scope for health information and advice, though this too is not without its challenges (Robertson, 2001 p 173-176). Where services fail to meet need, as already suggested, the voluntary sector may cover the shortfall. The greatest value of the voluntary sector lies in its diversity and its motivation, which stems from free will, moral purpose and individual personal engagement (Anderson, 2001 p 181). Voluntary agencies are non-profit-making and occupy a singular position within society. Conversely, profit-making agencies can also contribute to health promotion through health working policies and health promotion in the workplace (Daykin, 2001 p 204). Good occupational he alth services, for example, can also play a vital role in health promotion, both generally and in specific issues related to the type of employment and activities concerned (Lisle, 2001). What all of these point to is this notion of collaborative, interagency working, where health promotion becomes the common goal of diverse populations, agencies, services, professions and of course individuals. Some believe that effective interagency working lies at the heart of improving health outcomes for vulnerable populations (Jones and Rose, 2001, p 95). However, such a standard of working is difficult to achieve (Jones and Rose, 2001, p 95), perhaps because of the boundaries and restrictions within which such groups work, and the historical context which makes them protective of their own ‘territory’. It is obvious that such limitations must be overcome if health promotion goals are to be met. It we are to achieve the goal of a holistic, socio-ecological model of health fully applied to our societies, then new ways of working and communicating must be developed, building on current evidence from innovations and practice. Debates and Dilemmas in Health Promotion It would be reasonable to raise the question, in the light of all these services, policies and drivers which promote health in our arguably well-endowed nation, why indeed is health promotion still such a challenge? Why are so many still suffering from ill health, social injustice, health inequalities and supposedly eminently preventable diseases? There may be many possible answers to this. Health is believed to be ultimately determined by the existence of equity and social justice, which is in turn rooted in people’s material, social, economic and cultural circumstances (Tones, 2001 p7). It is also believed that community action for health is based on the premise that health chances and health choices are shaped, to a great extent, by the social, political and economic conditions in which people live, and that ability of individuals to shape and control these structures is limited (Jones et al, 2002 p 25). It has been argued that the creation of healthy public policy is the prerequisite for changing adverse environments in order to facilitate the development of health (Tones, 2001 p8), but this author would also argue that adverse environments must be ‘ owned’ by those who live within them, and no amount of policy, imposed ‘top-down’ will improve environments if those who live within them do not equally invest in their amelioration and long-term development. Tones (2001 p 9) does argue that individual empowerment and community empowerment are linked, and that these are partly dependant on a sense of community where individuals have some notion of membership of some kind of community or group. The term community implies a common bond between individuals (Jones et al, 2002 p 25). Therefore we see the individual in a different context, a context comprised of various relationships and connections with other individuals. These must surely affect health and health p romotion behaviours, positively and negatively. But what of the individuals who fall outside such communities? Is it the remit of government, at any level, to force or coerce individuals into a state of ‘belonging’? Definitions of communities and group identities may serve to alienate those who do not feel associated with them, but in this case it might be necessary to focus on the good of the many, and to address the larger issues before addressing individual differences of this kind. If self-empowerment is attainable (Tones, 2001 p 11) then such individuals may take control of their own health. Activities such as community campaign groups, self-help groups and even more politicised groups related to notions of women’s or men’s health may all engage in action for health (Jones et al, 2002), and therefore it could be argued that any one individual should find a group or action which ‘concerns’ them or some aspect of their life or lifestyle. This may be particularly important in terms of dive rsity, where so-called ‘minority’ groups can both campaign for issues pertaining to their own identities and needs, and develop services which meet those needs. This returns us to the work of the voluntary sector, which is where such activities tend to find expression. But surely it is the role of government, and the services provided, at a locally devolved level, through central funding, to provide such sensitivity in the services and policies it underwrites? Some would argue that such sensitivity exists, but we have yet to see it fully realised in action, and have yet to see evidence of the efficacy of these great policy drivers in real practical terms. Jones et al (2002 p 47) suggest that community groups may find it useful to develop partnerships with local authorities, the education sector, other groups, NHS services, employers and even the media in order to ensure a fully participative, collaborative and comprehensive approach to locally-suited health promotion activities. This author would argue that with the best will in the world, there will always be a divergence between the goals of different groups, and an imbalance of power betw een these different agencies. The agendas of central government may end up dominating those of the community, and while such collaborative working is the ideal, it may need to be undertaken with awareness and caution. Farrant (2003 p 230) argues that the recent moves towards community development may simply mirror or reinforce the existing power inequalities within social systems, and such activities simply serve as another vehicle for governmental control. It is therefore important to be aware of the policy context within social action on health promotion, and to engage in true community or communal activities rather than those made possible by the current political and funding context. The paternalism of our current political system is evident in the media and the governmental policy drivers which shape public services. Such paternalism may be of some benefit in highlighting health promotion issues which need to be addressed, but the media reports demonstrate an over-generalisation of the issues. It is at the community level that the real needs can be identified (Jones et al, 2002 p 100). Part of this process is the evaluation of health promotion initiatives and actions, particularly participatory evaluation of community action with dissemination of findings (Jones et al, 2002 p 100). This serves two purposes. It allows communities themselves to build on evidence and continue to grow and develop such initiatives in a reflexive manner, and it establishes their work within the fields of health and social care on a more critical, intellectual level as an evidence-base which can educate and empower others. This essay has touched on the notion of public health and policy drivers, and has equated health promotion, to a certain degree, with the notion of public health. It is important, therefore, to consider the public health debate and the politics of health promotion. The context of public health within the UK is very much concerned with the notion of health inequalities, again, as mentioned in the above discussion. The evidence from the UK still points to considerable inequalities in health depending on region, and on individual occupation, and suggests that these inequalities are widening, despite significant improvements in aspects of social and economic wellbeing (Graham, 2003 p 20). Changing distributions of work and income, changing access to housing (such as increases in owner-occupation), changing patterns of working and domestic lives are all affecting social determinants of health (Graham, 2003 p 24-25). It has long been believed that income inequality is an important determin ant of health in richer societies, but research suggests that population health is related less to how wealthy a society is, and more to how equally or unequally this wealth is distributed (Graham, 2003 p 25). But individual factors must be taken into consideration, particularly in terms of health and illness. It is no surprise that an individual’s health is a determinant a well as an outcome of socio-economic circumstances, where those in better health are more likely to move up the occupational and economic ladder, while those in poorer health will not (Graham, 2003 p 26-27). Factors on the individual level include material factors, such and the physical environment of the home, the neighbourhood and workplace, and living standards; behavioural factors, such as health-related routines and habits, leisure activities and diet; and psychosocial factors in particular increased stress and risk-taking behaviours (Graham, 2003 p 27-28). Public health therefore has a dual remit – to address the socio-economic factors which affect health, and to address the individual factors which influence health. There is evidence of addressing individual lifestyle factors in governmental paternalism in such campaigns as the no-smoking campaigns and legislation, and the current debate on obesity. However, the notion of the evidence which underpins these drivers is debatable. There has been in recent years, a strong trend towards evidence-based practice in all aspects of health care, and this includes health promotion and public health (McQueen and Anderson, 2003 p 165). Ideally the theory informing practice should arise from multiple disciplines and represent diverse research (McQueen and Anderson, 2003 p 167). However, there is a divergence between empirical evidence and so called qualitative evidence, the latter of which does not enjoy the validity or acceptance of the former in terms of evidence. While health promotion is widely assumed to be based on science and a scientific basis for human behaviour, a scientific paradigm does not underlie our notions of health, public health and health promotion (McQueen and Anderson, 2003 p 168). The whole concept of public health and health promotion stems from an holistic and almost communalist paradigm, rejecting the view that human behaviour is simply a response to physiological and neural processes (MqQueen and Anderson, 2003 p 168). Therefore, simplistic, reductionist and scientific principles of evidence derived from statistics and experimental research will of necessity be woefully inadequate in addressing the very real complexities of health promotion in the practical and real community context. Therefore there is a need to identify news way s of seeking and defining appropriate evidence, in a developmental process which mirrors that of the health promotion activities themselves. Conclusion It is evident that health promotion, particularly within the UK context, is a complex concept with a wealth of diverse yet oddly inter-related issues and problems. This essay has attempted to discuss some of the issues raised in the set books for the K301 course, with an exploration of key issues and some debate of current provision. Health promotion is a governmental initiative, but remains also an ideogical and idealistic goal. It is best viewed as an holistic concept with contextual characteristics which must be taken into consideration. Some of these contextual characteristics are national, some are local or locational, and some are individual. It is the relationship between these three that defines both the need and the processes required to meet that need, fundamentally at a local level. The very complexity of the context requires that health promotion activities occur through collaborative, communal and partnership working, which means a change from traditional methods of organising health and social services. If we accept the principle that coordinated action leads to improved health, income and social policies that foster greater equity, then we understand the fact that collaborative action contributes to ensuring safer and healthier goods and services, better and more locally suitable public services, and cleaner, more healthful environments. It also requires that policy-makers, groups and individuals identify barriers and challenges to the adoption of healthier policies and behaviours, throughout society, and develop collaborative approaches to addressing these. However, avoiding paternalism and the mimicking of governmental agendas is also vital. What is most apparent from this discussion is that despite the debates, and there are many, the systems and resources are already in place to foster improved public health and health promotion activties and to engage all sectors of the community in these actions. Such resources include primary healthcare services and groups, nurses working in acute hospitals and within the community, specialist health promotion professionals, social services, schools, voluntary agencies, statutory agencies, youth groups, social and self-help groups, and many more. The potential of these groups in and of themsleves to engage in health promotion, and to evaluate and communicate these activties to others as a form of evidence, is already apparent from the literature. In particular, the literature also suggests that the notion of evidence in this arena should move away from reductionist, scientific principles to mirror the holistic nature of the health promotion context. But the efficacy of these diverse players in the arena is limited until such time as full collaboration, partnership and inter-agency working is realised.

Personal Assessment Interview Essay

1. What are your three most important reasons for wanting to be a teacher? I want to be a teacher because I value education. I apprehend the importance of education in leading a meaningful and successful life, and I plan to become a valuable vehicle in realizing the purpose and acceptance of learning. I would regard it as an honor to play a part in the learning process and find that the teaching instruction provides desirable holistic changes that unlocks potentials and makes room for personal growth and development in the learners. I want to be a teacher because I realize the importance of education in building a strong and stable foundation of society. Teachers are granted the capacity to mold the future of society by training learners to become responsible and productive citizens. A vision of a peaceful environment, where people work together harmoniously to build a prosperous, righteous and humane society, is nurtured through the teaching-learning process. I want to be a teacher because I also want to learn in the process. In the teaching-learning process, the teacher and the learners swap roles successively. It is not only the teacher who teaches, but also the learner. Learners have different cultural backgrounds, perspectives, worldviews, and opinions that a teacher should learn from in order to enhance understanding and widen the boundaries of the mind. 2. What characteristics do you possess that you believe will make you an effective teacher? I am passionate about learning and education. I believe that there is always something valuable to learn from everything and I know that love for learning completes who I am as a teacher. In everything I do, I always look for opportunities to learn and improve. This innate quality measures up to the attributes of an effective teacher because the growing passion for learning impels the teacher to influence learners to the same. Moreover, teachers who are highly motivated to learn are also highly motivated to teach. I deem education boundless. It is not limited within the confines of the classroom, nor is it limited to books, teacher-learner interaction alone, and other traditional means of teaching. I am open to changes in trends and developments. Open-mindedness allows me to become an efficient teacher because I am able to tolerate and acknowledge change in order to unlock new avenues for the teaching-learning process. I am adaptable to unfamiliar situations, because I am open to new frontiers, as long as I deem it has potential to improve the teaching-learning process. Adaptability and open-mindedness yields an efficient teacher, able to cope with global changes allowing real-time learning that assists learners to survive in the ever changing world. 3. Name three staff development topics you believe would be most beneficial to offer in schools. Staff development is highly significant in order to improve services that will be provided by educational institutions. It should be implemented in order to assure that the quality of educational services efficiently meets the requirements of learners and the obligations of the school as an academic institution fostering learning and development. I believe that the three most important topics that should be included in staff development are legal and ethical issues, team building, and professional growth. Legal and ethical issues guide the staff to act accordingly, putting the best interest of the learners, and stakeholders (families, the community, the state, etc.) first. Educational institutions must be able to abide by constitutional laws pertaining to education, and act accordingly to invite respect and integrity to the field of education. Team building is necessary in order to ensure that all members of the staff of the educational institution work together to meet the mission, vision, goals, and objectives of the school. Promoting professional growth is most important to teachers because it encourages improvements and developments in pedagogical processes as well as personality development. This may be attained by graduate program services related to teaching, made available to the teaching staff in order to assist them enhance their craft, apprenticeship, seminar, training programs, etc. Valuing professional growth means that educational institutions take necessary steps in ord er to enhance the quality of educational programs and services that they provide to learners. 4. Prior to planning a lesson, what do you need to consider? Planning a lesson is crucial in the teaching-learning process because it dictates the learning outcomes, especially changes in the learners’ behaviors as influenced by a particular lesson. There are various factors to consider when planning a lesson, all of which determine whether a lesson will effect to desirable learning outcomes or not. Prior to planning a lesson, there is a need to consider the existing skills and abilities of the learners. The depth of the lesson, teaching strategies and approaches, instructional materials and activities should be designed to suit the skills and abilities of the learners. This ensures that learners will be able to grasp the concepts that will be taught in each lesson. Instructional objectives should be set prior to planning a lesson because it reminds the teacher that the content of the lesson should be in line with the objectives. Instructional objectives form the framework of a lesson. Another thing to consider in planning a lesson is the variety of resources available that will go along with the learning objectives. Presenting a lesson through aids and materials is highly dependent on the availability of resources. Therefore, before planning activities for learning, available resources should be checked. Once these factors are met, the teacher is prepared to plan a lesson. 5. What ideas do you have to address diversity (e.g. culture, special needs, ESL, etc.) in your classroom? As a teacher, I should be able to promote equality within the classroom and recognize the rights of the learners as human beings. Although individual differences is considered in instructional planning, due to the learners’ varying skills and abilities, diversity in relation to other aspects including culture, disabilities or handicap, proficiency in the English language should be undervalued. Teachers should be able to determine when to acknowledge individual differences, and when to promote camaraderie and egalitarianism in the classroom. To address individual differences and diversity, the teacher should be able to design the program of instruction in such a way that it is discernible and achievable to all learners considering their talents, skills, abilities, and interests. Educational programs and activities in part should focus on diversity by including the need for learners to be aware of other cultures, non-native English speaking individuals, and special needs of other learners experiencing difficulties. An example of an educational program may be a cultural show where students share their culture through artistic forms (dancing, singing, dramatization, role-playing, etc.), or an activity wherein a non-native English speaker teaches the rest of the class some significant words in his native tongue. It is important to remember that the key is to promote learners’ awareness of differences. 6. What do you anticipate to be the greatest challenge in your teaching? Perhaps the greatest challenge in teaching is meeting its ultimate objective, and that is to affect desirable learning outcomes and behavioral changes to the learners. Accomplishing this objective requires a diverse set of knowledge, talent, and skills. Teaching is a long process, from diagnostic assessment, to lesson planning, classroom management, going about the teaching process itself, evaluation, etc. The greatest challenge is how to keep it together, despite the pressures and demands of the teaching-learning process, in order to complete the process and in the end prove that the ultimate objective of teaching was achieved. 7. What would you like to see as outcomes of your student teaching experience and your experience in the Teacher Education Program? I am expecting that my experiences in student teaching will affirm my aspiration to become a teacher. All knowledge obtained from classroom courses will equip me with necessary information in order to go about the student teaching experience knowledgeably and appositely (i.e. classroom management techniques, teaching strategies and approaches, laws protecting the rights of the learners, etc.). The student teaching experience becomes a playing field where all the information learned is applied and weathered and the skills and abilities as an aspiring teacher is tested. Through these experiences, I am able to determine my strengths and weaknesses as a teacher, and determine ways in order to improve and become a professional educator worthy of respect and learning inspiration. The Teacher Education Program provides the essential knowledge and skills that must be learned, required of every teacher. 8. Describe an ideal classroom situation. An ideal classroom situation is one where classroom management is consistently implemented (i.e. children are disciplined, routine activities are followed, lessons are completed on time, etc.). Learners are highly motivated to learn, allowing a harmonious and interactive classroom environment, guided by the teacher. The objectives of learning are attained at the end of each lesson, and the learners are able to apply what they have learned in real life situations. The teacher is able to play all the necessary roles of the teacher as a manager of classroom activities and discipline, a facilitator of learning, a guide and a role model, a good listener, and a nurturer of well-motivated learners. Learners are able to adjust to changes in the classroom environment, and although it is called an ideal classroom situation, they are allowed to make mistakes. Through these mistakes and the identification of their weaknesses, they are able to take it constructively and push themselves to improve and become independent learners.

Coopers Business Case Essay

1. Introduction Coopers Brewery has had a successful journey from its humble beginnings to it third tier position in duopolistic competing market. Coopers has not existed without its share of disturbances and risk of been taken over by a larger global player, however Coopers managed to defend itself. Coopers has positioned itself in a highly competitive market with a differentiated brand and product that has captured a niche market. Coopers has also successfully integrated a high value chain which in turn captures the essence of Coopers at the same time delivering value at multiple stages. In order for Coopers to stay competitive in the future, Cooper’s differentiation strategy can translate into new emerging markets and changing customer tastes for beer and deliver beer to new niche market segment. 2. Company Background Established in 1862 by Thomas Cooper, Coopers is a 5th generation family owned business that manufactures and sells beer, home brew and malt extract. In 1997, the business purchased a $40 million state of the art manufacturing, bottling and distribution plant in Regency Park South Australia. With advanced robotics and a commitment to an eco friendly plant and processes to reduce their carbon footprint, Coopers has never lost sight of their mission. Mission Statement: Coopers mission statement for its beer as stated in the case study was â€Å"to  provide natural beverages and food ingredients which satisfy tastes and nutritional needs, and create enjoyment† (Hubbard 2008, pg7) 3. Company Analysis – Porters five Forces To assess the competitive landscape and to understand where Coopers Brewery is positioned a number of assessment models or framework can be used. To assess Coopers Brewery current competitive position Porters five forces model (see Appendix 2) can be used to analyse its current state. a) Threat of the new entrants is Low. There are two types of operations i. one is the craft-brewing , also known as miro-brewing, market and the other ii. Large scale production. Entry in the Craft-brewing is somewhat increasing, however larger scale production requires large capital outlay and continuous investment whilst been maintained by significant cash flow (Kaczanowska 2010). In addition incumbent beer producers are known to the consumers due the history and the accumulated advertising of the brand. This high cost for brand awareness creates a barrier for new players (Kaczanowska 2010). Imported products are present although the threat to the Australian market appears low. b) Threat of substitute products: This can be described as medium for the beer industry. There are always beer substitutes such as wine, ready to drink mixers and soft drinks to name a few. Increasingly health-conscious and knowledgeable consumers are looking at higher quality products (Kaczanowska 2010). This can be reflected in the trend toward craft and premium beers. c) Bargaining power of buyers is Medium: Brand loyalty is strong among beer consumers as appose to wine consumers (Richardson 2012). Richardson (2012, pg 24) summed this up as â€Å"Wine consumers are driven by choice rather than loyalty and wine brands are easily substituted, but beer is a branded product and consumers drink the label.† However consumers are price sensitive and may switch to another brand if the situation is presented. d) Bargaining power of the suppliers Medium: Raw Material is the largest cost to breweries. IBISWorld estimate approximately 58.3% of industry revenue (Kaczanowska 2010), these raw materials include, cardboard boxes, glass, aluminium, packaging. Other Raw materials would include sugar, malt, hops, wheat, rice, water, barley all of which are critical ingredients for brewing. All of which have a supply risk, which in turn can have a direct impact on the cost of the supplies good. Coopers have initiated some efforts to reduce some of these risks such as: i. Water supply to the operations is from a deep aquifer, ii. Power supplied by a Gas co-generated turbine iii. Chemical and Preservative Free iv. Waste minimisation e) Rivalry among existing organisation is medium but increasing. There are three main players in the Australian beer market, Foster’s and Lion Nathan with Coopers being in third place, by market share (see Appendix 1). Foster’s and Lion Nathan are both Global conglomerates with Coopers being the Family owned Australian brewer. It could be said that Coopers is the David to the two goliaths being Foster’s and Lion Nathan (Byrom and Lehman 2009). i. Price-based rivalry: Pricing does have a part to play in rivalry, however price wars in not evident in this segment. ii. Non-priced based rivalry: The beer industry sits primarily in this space, where each company focus’s efforts in branding, packaging and quality to target their demographic. iii. Product differentiation: Cooper has a unique or niche market segment (Byrom and Lehman 2009) based on a Family owned and distinctive â€Å"cloudy† beer. In addition to the beer portfolio Coopers also has major interests in Home Brew kits and Malt extraction and has about 80% of the kit market (Byrom and Lehman 2009). Porter (1985) suggests that having a differentiated product strategy does not necessarily equate to high market share, this can been seen in the competitive market share analysis as seen in the appendix figure 1. However a point of differentiation can be replaced or replicated by a competing company and may reduce the competitive advantage Coopers currently has in the market. Continuous competitive analysis is needed to keep this a differentiated strategy. 4.Coopers Value Chain The value chain model as described by Porter (1985) indicates that gaining a competitive advantage, an organisation focuses efforts to the internal activities of the value chain and attempt to strength these activities to  add to the competitiveness of the firm. Coopers Brewery value chain could be reflected in the below diagram; Source: ISO case study 2013 Coopers have made improvements in some of the value chain as seen in the case study, malt extraction for resale, Machinery and new processing operations to brew beer in the bottle or the keg rather than the tank without preservatives and chemicals. Water supply from deep aquifers with sale extract and then reuse of salt in the brewing process. Energy, having their own power generation system that feeds non-used emery back into the grid. Coopers use energy efficient lighting to reduce consumption. These improvements form part of the value chain activities that add to Coopers achieving a competitive advantage in the market. There are many parts to the value chain as reflected in Appendix 4 (Porters Value Chain model) and efforts to manage and maintain each element is ideal. However a strategic view and focus may harness high results, it is suggested that aligning value chain efforts with the core direction of the business. In Cooper’s case by having a differentiation strategy efforts should be aligned with this strategy including product innovation, R&D and quality. 4. Current position Positioning in this paper refers to the Porters model of â€Å"Three Generic Strategies† (1985). Cooper’s can be recognised as Differentiation in the Porters model, seen in Appendix 5. In this cluster Coopers can easily differentiate itself from its competitors. Cooper’s has an Australian History with a family heritage that still exists today, additionally having a product that has a distinctive cloudy appearance separates itself from the globalised conglomerates in the Australian beer industry. Coopers leverages this differentiator and applies this to marketing campaigns. 5. Future direction for Coopers To suggest and recommend future options to Coopers, a reflection of Cooper’s mission statement â€Å"to provide natural beverages and food ingredients which satisfy tastes and nutritional needs, and create enjoyment† (Hubbard 2008, pg7). This mission statement can be used for the future direction of the  business, as marketed as a family owned business and continue to capture the premium niche market it is positioned in. The future has a changing landscape with regards to consumer’s tastes, Cooper’s also captures taste in the mission statement. With the changing taste and desire of Generation Y consumers, Coopers competitive edge could be erode by imported premium beers and or the emergence of micro breweries that specialise in premium craft beers. Options can be summarised as follows: Continue to leverage the Family owned business brand. Exporting the unique beer overseas Continually improving the value chain and seek further opportunities to capture value. Continually focusing on changing consumer tastes and reviewing whether or not to compete in those markets. This will create new product life cycles, in a declining market (Nwabueze 2001). The future challenge for Coopers would be identifying new market opportunities, both on product and geographic level, whilst still achieving the family ownership which has been seen as an advantage since Coopers started. 6. APPENDI XES Appendix 1: Competitive Market Share Australia and South Australia. Appendix 2: Porters Five Forces Model Source:Harvard Business Review(Porter 2008) Appendix 3: Beer production Value Chain: Source: (ISO 2013) Appendix 4: Appendix 5: Source: (Porter 2008) 7. Refeneces Byrom, John, and Kim Lehman. 2009. â€Å"Coopers Brewery: Heritage and Innovation within a Family Firm.† Marketing Intelligence & Planning 27 (4): 516-523. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02634500910964074. Hubbard, Graham. 2008. â€Å"Coopers Brewery.† IVEY. Business. The University of Western Ontario. The University of Western Ontario. ISO. 2013. â€Å"Baltika Breweries-Economic Benefits of Standards -Case Study.† ISO ORG. http://eng.baltika.ru/. Kaczanowska, Agata. 2010. Beer Production in the Us. IBISWorld Industry Report 31212, http://www.ibisworld.com.au/. Nwabueze, Uche. 2001. â€Å"The Journey for Survival: The Case of New Product Development in the Brewery Industry.† JOURNAL OF PRODUCT & BRAND MANAGEMENT 10 (6): 382-397. http://www.mcbup.com/research_registers. Porter, M. E. 1985. Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. New York: Free Press, https://www.google.com.au/search?q=Competitive+advantage%3A+Creating+and+sustai ning+superior+performance&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-GB:official&client=firefox-a&channel=sb&gfe_rd=cr&ei=eAyoU5j-Gs3C8ge9v4DACA. Porter, Michael. 2008. The Five Forces That Shape Strategy. Harvard Business Review. http://hbr.org/2008/01/the-five-competitive-forces-that-shape-strategy/ar/1. Richardson, David. 2012. The Liquor Industry. 14,

Essay on Of Mice and Men and Lennie

Essay on Of Mice and Men and Lennie Essay on Of Mice and Men and Lennie Activity for Of Mice and Men IA 2012-13 Complete the following in preparation for Of Mice and Men: 1. How do George and Lenny complement each other? George and Lenny complement each other because Lenny is not very intelligent but very strong and George is smart but small. 2. Lennie is often described through the qualities of animals. Why? Lennie is often compared to animals because he is more like an animal mentally and physically. 3. Name two characters that are lonely and explain why each is lonely and how he/she deals with the loneliness? Two characters that are lonely are Curlys wife and Crooks. Curlys wife is lonely because she doesn’t love her husband and has to stay in the house all the time. Crook’s is lonely because he is black and segregated. 4. What do you think is Steinbeck’s comment on friendship? Explain. Steinbeck’s comment on friendship is that it is till the very end. Lennie was friends with George till he had to shoot him. 5. Lennie’s puppy is one of several symbols that represent the victory of the strong over the weak. Lennie, accidentally, unaware of his own strength, kills the puppy, as he has killed many mice before. How is Lennie like this puppy? Lennie is like a puppy because he doesn’t know his own strength and easily kills small things by accident. 6. Why would Steinbeck use a line from the poem â€Å"To a Mouse† as the title of this novel? Explain. To mouse is used as the title for the novel because in the story the

Gathering of Old Men essays

Gathering of Old Men essays The book, A Gathering Of Old Men, is set in the 1970's and is heavily based on the ownership of black slaves in the south. Referring to racist and abusive acts towards blacks, the book also has a reoccurring theme of justice. Justice can be described many different way depending on the circumstances in which it is being used. Justice can best be described as the purposeful attempt to re-administer wrongs by a person, as shown in A Gathering Of Old Men. The individual by which justice is the most clearly observed in the book, is Charlie. Charlie, a black, worked for Beau, but being a racist, Beau cared little as to the well being of Charlie. Charlie told Mapes that all his life, all he ever did was run from people. He did what blacks and whites wanted him to do, and he would get abused if he did something either the right or wrong way. No matter what Parrain tried to do to make Charlie a man, it took 50yars of abuse for Charlie to say he had enough. Beau told Charlie that he wouldnt just cuss him, but beat him as well. Feeling that after 50 years, he couldnt allow that anymore, Charlie decided to get justice. In this case, it resulted in a murder. Two types of justice are represented in A Gathering Of Old Men. Charlie wanted personal justice, or to get revenge personally, for something someone has done. The court scene in the last chapter of the book showed legal justice, or justice for an individual though the courts. Justice is important to A Gathering Of Old Men because as Charlie said, hes now a man. Im a man,he said. I want the world to know it. I aint Big Charlie, nigger boy, no more, Im a man. Yall hear me? A man come back. Not a nigger boy. A nigger boy run and run and run. But a man come back. Im a man. (Page 187) Charlies justice for himself by standing up to Beau, gave him self respect, freedom, and respect from his friends and Mape...

ABSOLUT Vodka Brand Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

ABSOLUT Vodka Brand - Case Study Example Since its entry into the US market, Absolut Vodka became a global brand icon, which draws international recognition across the globe (Mooney and Dool 2010, p.1). The Absolut Company produces Absolut Vodka in Ahus, Skane in southern Sweden (Mooney and Dool 2010, p.2). By 2005, Absolut Vodka was synonymous in the global market where it deals with premium vodka as the third largest spirits brand across the globe. The spirits that Absolut Vodka sells includes all distilled alcohol beverages (Mooney and Dool 2010, p.2). Over the years, the company recorded immense success in its line of business where it is now the world’s number one premium vodka brand. Absolut Vodka Product Category Ideally, product category defines the mode of organizing products in the store by the type of products on sale. Indeed, customers of Absolut Vodka find the products that they want to buy through the company’s product categories. Most specifically, Absolut Vodka product category includes flavore d vodka products, which are vodkas infused with flavors like Vanilla, lemon, different types of berries or pepper (Mooney and Dool 2010, p.4). It also includes unflavored vodka and spirits, which includes all distilled alcohol beverages (Mooney and Dool 2010, p.2).... ompany, which manufactures the Absolut Vodka brands, has been selling its products to the distributor through Future Brands since ABSOLUT brand separated from Seagram and became ABSOLUT Spirits Company (ASCI) in the U.S (Mooney and Dool 2010, p. 7). Future Brands is an association between ASCI and Beam Global, which is a larger spirits manufacturer (Mooney and Dool 2010, p. 7). Moreover, Absolut Vodka sells durable products, which include premium vodka, and all distilled alcohol beverages. Water and winter wheat produces Absolut premium Vodka through a continuous distillation process that guarantees a durable and high quality product (Mooney and Dool 2010, p. 8). Absolut Vodka Product Stage There are four stages in a product life cycle, which include the introduction stage, growth stage, maturity stage, and decline stage where each stage has distinct characteristics. Notably, Absolut Vodka is in the maturity stage where there is saturation in the distribution of premium vodka brand i n the U.S market. Indeed, various distribution channels exist in the market where premium vodka brand enjoys market acceptance and the growth of Absolut Vodka is on a decline. Indeed, after 2004, the market share of Absolut premium vodka fell after 2004 despite its international recognition Mooney and Dool 2010, p. 9). This is because of the introduction of many vodka brands in the US market. In fact, despite its success, Absolut premium vodka is experiencing significant pressure from significant vodka brands like Grey Goose, Smirnoff, Ketel One, and Belvedere which overcrowd the market since 2006 (Mooney and Dool 2010, p. 1-4). Because of the competition pressure, Absolut Vodka has been trying to regain its market position since 2006 by launching a massive advertising campaign to woo young

The Benefits Of The Website Of National Institute Of Mental Health Essay

The Benefits Of The Website Of National Institute Of Mental Health - Essay Example This website has considered all those factors and thus provides the email address, telephone number and even a live chat handle, where a member of the general public can directly chat with Ayuda en Vivo, who is available on weekdays at 8:30 am to 5:00 in the evening. In addition to this, there is a hotline that is toll-free and a fax number, catering for both English and Spanish speakers. For effective evaluation of the site, a Cornell University’s criteria of website evaluation will be employed. Aspects like the accuracy will be tested to bring out the purpose of the website and show whether the author has provided enough details to reach him or her. Another aspect will be the authority of the web documents which checks where the document was produced and the credentials of the author. Finally, the objectivity of the web documents will be examined to test the particular goals and objectives of the site. Evaluation of this website will be based on the criteria of accuracy, aut hority, objectivity, and coverage to test its effectiveness and relevance to the general public. This website provides information on a unique type of illness, mental illness. Facilities providing treatment of these disorders are few; thus, there is dire need to provide enough information about their existence. This website has accurately done this by providing a mental health treatment locator, in addition to clear details of their offices and areas of specialisation, which are anxiety disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), Bipolar Disorders, Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), and Schizophrenia among other mental illnesses as well as HIV/AIDS. The authors, who are officials in the U.S department of health and human sciences, exhaustively provide all the necessary data needed by the consumers, who are the general public.