Stereotypes and Identity in Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin...

In Langston Hughes’ poem â€Å"Harlem,† he discusses the idea of unfulfilled dreams and their plausible outcomes using symbolism and imagery. He initially describes a â€Å"deferred† dream as a sun-dried raisin, depicting the dream originally as a fresh grape that now has dried up and â€Å"turned black† (Jemie 63). This idea provides Lorraine Hansberry’s play A Raisin in the Sun with its basic foundation, for it is a play about a house full of unfulfilled dreams. As the poem goes on, Hughes depicts the idea of a deferred dream as something rotten or gone bad. According to Onwuchekwa Jemie, this may be an allusion to the American Dream and its empty promises (Jemie 64). The idea of failed ambitions was quite a popular†¦show more content†¦Though the inequality between genders was not fully resolved until later, the Women’s Rights movement was also beginning to take place at this time (Literature and Its Times†¦). An apparent pro blem of American society, then and now, is its tendency toward stereotypes, which will be further discussed later. Hansberry uses her characters and their dreams to draw upon the impact stereotypes have on a person’s ambitions and self-identity. Stereotypes are socially constructed, over-generalized views regarding a particular group of persons with certain characteristics that are widely accepted, and usually expected, in a society. The dominant group of a certain society, which in this case is probably Caucasians and men, usually creates these social constructions. Claude M. Steele, a researcher from Stanford University, performed multiple research studies on the idea and psychological effects of stereotypes on its victims. In his studies, he coins the term â€Å"stereotype threat† as the â€Å"social-psychological predicament that can arise from widely-known negative stereotypes about ones group,† which implies that â€Å"the existence of such a stereotype m eans that anything one does or any of ones features that conform to it make the stereotype more plausible as a self-characterization in the eyes of others, and perhaps even in ones own eyes† (Steele 797). RACISM RacismShow MoreRelatedRacial Identity in A Raisin in the Sun: Who Am I?1102 Words   |  5 Pagesreferred to me as â€Å"Casper.† Yes, I am white ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ¢â‚¬â€œchalk white, milk white, even ghostly white. If others had not continuously pointed this out to me, I doubt I would have noticed at such a young age. Nevertheless, when you are young and searching for your identity, labels have a way of adhering to you and images engrave themselves in your mind long after they fall into disuse. While this self-image endured for decades, it was far less demeaning than the labels applied to an entire race of African AmericansRead MoreThe Great Playwright s Life Story2415 Words   |  10 PagesBefore the relatively short life of Lorraine Hansberry tragically ended, the African-American playwright distinguished herself in American theatre and literature as she creatively and unknowingly challenged the views of African-American life, among other inescapable issues of the nation and the world, on the theatrical stage. The great playwright’s life story began on May 19, 1930. Although born during a time of hardship introduced by the Great Depression, Hansberry grew up rather comfortably inRead MoreEssay on Who Am I?: Racial Identity in A Raisin in the Sun1596 Words   |  7 Pagesreferred to me as â€Å"Casper.† Yes, I am white ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ¢â‚¬â€œchalk white, milk white, even ghostly white. If others had not continuously pointed this out to me, I doubt I would have noticed at such an early age. Nevertheless, when you are young and searching for your identity, labels have a way of adhering to you and images become engraved upon your mind for years to come. While this self-image endured for decades, the numerous derogatory labels applied to an entire race of African Americans are far more demeaning.Read MoreFamily Is An Important Aspect Of Society Essay1727 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough hardship. Society as a whole has tried to undermine the black family by implementing in them a false identity of inferiority. If there are strong nuclear black families today, that means that powerful people in history have been forced to step up in order to make a difference within their community. From the beginning of the play to the very end, Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun displays the vital theme of family. In the play there are multiple generations within the Younger Family’sRead MorePride in A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry Essay1840 Words   |  8 PagesLorraine Hansberry’s play, A Raisin in the Sun, centers on an African American family in the late 1950s. Hansberry directs her work towards specifically the struggles faced by African Americans during the late 1950s. Through the dialogue and actions of her characters, she encourages not only a sense of pride in heritage, but a national and self-pride in African Americans as well. Hansberry promotes a sense of African heritage through her character, Beneatha. She characterizes Beneatha as a collegeRead MoreA Raisin In The Sun Racism1626 Words   |  7 PagesA Raisin in the Sun In the play A Raisin in the Sun written by Lorraine Hansberry, a story about an African American family living in Chicago. The book illustrates what the daily problems of an average black family had to deal with while living in America in the 1950s and their struggle of overcoming obstacles to reach their â€Å"dream†. Hansberry use this novel to address topics such as racism, racial inequality, and racial discrimination. In 1954, many people during that time supported segregationRead MoreThe Roles Of Sexism And Dreams1377 Words   |  6 Pagessupporting roles just like their mother, Mama Lena. Debuted on Broadway in 1959, the dramatic work, A Raisin in the Sun, is composed by Lorraine Hansberry, who depicts the issues of sexism and dreams. Considering these themes, how can we explore the presence of dreams as well as the ideology of sexism that is registered in Black America? Through Walter’s quote, Hansberry’s screenplay challenges gender stereotypes through W alter and Beneatha while exploring Mama s domestic narrative; these three charactersRead MoreAmerican Dream in a Raisin in the Sun4319 Words   |  18 PagesCHAPTER III: The Impact of Identity on Dreams – 1. Identity in the Sight of Other People In actual fact, people have a certain view or conception about what somebody is. This view is quite different from what the individual himself has. But then the harm in all this is that this state of affairs has a great impact on what an individual is supposed to become in life especially when he doesn’t have a great sense of objectivity or when he is not determined to achieve his life goal regardlessRead More Beneatha as a paradigm for African American Women in A Raisin in The Sun2117 Words   |  9 PagesIn Lorraine Hansberry’s 1959 play A Raisin in the Sun a number of social issues are both explicitly and subtly exemplified through out the characters experiences and relationships. Living in a cramped Chicago apartment, the Youngers’ display both influential goals and conflicting restraints. Beneatha Youngers is a controversial character; she complicates society’s typical gender roles, introduces the wrestle between assimilation and ancestry of African- Americans, but specifically serves as a paradigmRead MoreStruggles, Dreams And Hopes : Lorraine Hansberry s Play1874 Words   |  8 PagesStruggles, Dreams and Hopes Lorraine Hansberry’s play, A Raisin in the Sun, is a great example of the struggles faced by an impoverished black family; who strive to deal with the realities of life on the ghetto side of South Chicago. Written in the 1958, this play illustrates the destructive consequences of impecuniousness and repression on African American families. Throughout the play, Hansberry (who is he, describe) shows the day-to-day struggles of a black family and explains the different perspectives

Personal Narratives Have Deep Origins In Ancient History.

Personal narratives have deep origins in ancient history. Narratives and personal essays were used by ancient writers and philosophers like Cicero, Seneca, and Plutarch to reflect on their individual experiences. The actual idea of the personal essay was named and perfected by late 16th century writer Michel de Montaigne, who attempted, or essayed, to describe his experiences in the context of the world around him. He claimed that â€Å"the subject of my work is me.† In other words, the purpose of the personal essay or narrative is to incorporate self-experiences in informal reflections about the world. In the modern age, the focus of art, literature, and philosophy shifted towards the individual and the importance of self, the emotions, and†¦show more content†¦In the account, Dillard recalls a memory from her youth of the events of one winter day. Young Dillard and her friends were throwing snowballs at passing cars. One car owner actually got out of his car and cha sed Dillard and her friends through their neighborhood, before finally catching and then letting them go. Dillard uses a personal experience from her youth to impart the lesson that one must â€Å"fling themselves† at something in order to get it. While Annie Dillard’s â€Å"The Chase† recalls a childhood memory, George Orwell’s â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† refers to Orwell’s experience from his adult life. At the time of the narrative, Orwell was a sub-divisional police officer in Burma. He is faced with the choice of shooting an elephant that had gone rogue to gain the respect of the natives or letting the elephant be and returning it to its holder. Orwell chooses to shoot the elephant in order to appease the natives. In his narrative, Orwell explores the idea of power through his own experience as an adult. In personal narratives, authors typically use description to make the story more relatable and engaging to the audience. This is done, in part, by sensory details. Sensory details enable the author to recreate their personal experience for the reader. In addition, the descriptions help the reader better relate to the author. Sensory details also enable understanding, as understanding can be aShow MoreRelatedThe Beginning Of Creative Nonfiction1517 Words   |  7 PagesThe history of creative nonfiction is vast and diverse, spanning from the earliest known civilization to the present. This literary genre includes memoirs, essays, travel writing, and journalism. The literary essay is the mode of creative nonfiction I have chosen for my course project, and I will address the general history of creative nonfiction, focusing on the development of the essay. The origins of this genre date back centuries before Montaigne coined the term â€Å"essay.† The beginning of creativeRead MoreAncient Near Eastern Thought Essay3623 Words   |  15 PagesAncient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament (Introducing the Conceptual World of the Hebrew Bible) Introduction Using contemporary studies as the foundation of his research John Walton reviews the ancient and Near Eastern and Israelite cognitive context. He provides guidance for students and general public to have a wider understanding and expand their knowledge of today’s culture, and historical culture interacts with the ancient world culture. In doing so, he tries to balance allRead MoreThe, Legend, Lore, And Hearsay Essay1651 Words   |  7 Pagesthe myths, and the great legends that have shaped his culture and living environment. â€Å"It is a whole journey, intricate with motion and meaning; and it is made with the whole memory, that experience of the mind which is legendary as well as historical, personal as well as cultural,† (Momaday, 87). The journey made the legends being told more legendary. His people crafted a culture that changed their previous views of life, and were modified to a very personal, historical, and cultural journey togetherRead MoreProcreation266 5 Words   |  11 Pagesacceptable principals, but also with core issues of human existence. Second, I do believe, that understanding of origin of procreation and ability to build personal approach in this issue plays significant role for every professional in the Health Care System. Even if in real life situation some of us will never directly participate in solving such problem, still establishing firm personal position on this issue will benefited everyone who involved in running of human services. Third, I think that inRead MoreHistory of the Development of the Short Story.3660 Words   |  15 PagesThe Short Story. Basic Literary Elements of The Short Story. 1.1.History of The Development of The Short Story. 1.1.1.Early Forms.Origins. The short story refers to a work of fiction that is usually written in prose, usually in narrative format. This format or medium tends to be more pointed than longer works of fiction, such as novellas (in the 20th and 21st century sense) and novels or books. Short story definitions based upon length differ somewhat even among professional writersRead MoreThe New Criticism, Structuralism, New Historical And African American Criticism1991 Words   |  8 Pages structuralism the narrative dimension of literary texts because Structuralism Criticism deals mainly with narrative.(Tyson, 219) Structuralistic literary criticism argues that the literary banter of a text can lie only in new structure, rather than in the specifics of character development and voice in which that structure is expressed. Literary structuralism often follows the lead of Vladimir Propp, Algirdas Julien Greimas, and Claude Là ©vi-Strauss in seeking out basic deep elements in storiesRead MoreKhasak14018 Words   |  57 PagesDark Vault, studies the aspects of psychoanalytic theory which can be used in the analysis of the novel. It deals mainly with Freudian theories which explore the dark vaults of the psyche of the characters in the novel. The third chapter, titled Ancient Moulds, studies Mythological or Archetypal criticism and analyses the novel for recurring mythical and archetypal patterns. The concluding chapter studies how psychoanalytic theory and mythological studies can account for the universal appeal of theRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pag esthe protagonist from youth to adulthood (coming of age),[3] in which character change is extremely important.[4][5] Contents [hide] 1 Origin 2 Plot outline 3 Examples 3.1 Precursors 3.2 17th century 3.3 18th century 3.4 19th century 3.5 20th century 3.6 21st century 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 Further reading 9 External links Origin[edit] The term was coined in 1819 by philologist Karl Morgenstern in his university lectures, and later famously reprised by Wilhelm DiltheyRead MoreChapter Summary: The Bible Among the Myths Essay5414 Words   |  22 Pagesthe two, but more about the similarities. Oswalt believed this was due to previous theological and philosophical convictions and not a change in data. From the 1950’s on, this change became hard for people to accept because it meant that we did not have control of our lives, and could not fend for ourselves. Wright believed that the similarities between Israel and her neighbors are â€Å"accidentals†. He and others believed that while there were similarities, they were not important. Oswalt givesRead MorePuppetry in Pakistan2794 Words   |  12 Pages some on entertainment while others as a catalyst for social change. Theatre is thought to have had its earliest origins in religious ritual where it was used to enact myths or stories central to the belief of a culture or create comedy through parody of such narratives. It has therefore existed since the advent of man, as a result of the human tendency for storytelling. Forms of Theatre Since its origin, theatre has taken on many forms, utilizing speech, gesture, music, dance, and spectacle, combining

Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jrs March On Washington

While not being the original point of the historic March on Washington which took place in 1963, Martin Luther King Jr.’s speech as well as his presence in the movement against racist oppression played a major role in the ending of racial prejudice and gave life to the beginning of racial equality. His speech tackled the biggest problem within society head on and the march, consisting of whites, blacks, and members of many different ethnic groups displayed a society that was ready for change. The march itself consisted of roughly 200,000 to 300,000 Americans united on a front they never had been before. The speech itself following the march resonated within the hearts of millions and made truly known the struggles of African-Americans†¦show more content†¦The March on Washington which took place on August 28, 1963 was executed by a group of Americans crying out for equality within society. While highlighted by and often thought of as the day MLK delivered his â€Å"I Have a Dream Speech†, the march pushed for far more than just a place where â€Å"little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and girls as sisters and brothers† (King Jr.), it called for equality among all races. A big issue of concern during the march was voting rights. While MLK discussed equal rights and a movement towards an America without segregation, a big issue presented and supported by those marching was changing the 24th Amendment to abolish the poll tax, a tax which was aimed to discourage African-Americans from voting due to their lower incomes at the time. This low income was set into place due to racial prejudice in the work place, largely due to the Jim Crow Laws. These laws and different tactics like lynching were used to oppress the African American population during this time period. As stated in the textbook, â€Å"In the nation as a whole in the 1890s, there was an average of 187 lynchings each year, more th an 80 percent of them in the South.† (Brinkley 375). Even though this was nearly 70 years prior to the March on Washington, these events shaped a fundamental racial injustice in which many Americans believed, being born into families where these practices wereShow MoreRelatedThe Civil Rights Movement : Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1690 Words   |  7 PagesA civil rights leader by the name of Reverend (PBS, 2016) Martin Luther King Jr. changed the world he occupied and changed the future course of the United States of America by advocating for desegregation. Martin Luther King Junior was on a mission to end the segregation of the African American community. Segregation was the post result of slavery throughout the United States of America which enslaved Africans. He challenged the status quo of the time. Protesting peacefully and advocating for socialRead MoreEssay on The Kings Dream1588 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement in the 1950’s through 1960’ s had many leaders, such as Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, Malcom X and many more. But King was the only one who stood out of the pack. His purpose was to have equality for all races, not just African Americans. King had addressed a speech that he had written and spoke of it at the Lincoln memorial in Washington D.C on August 28, 1963. In King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† he motivated and touched not only African Americans but white folks as well inRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Jr.1857 Words   |  8 Pagesunconditional love will have the final word.† These famous words by the honorable Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. best capture his frame of mind and the hopes he once held for the African American people during his fight for civil rights. King was an activist, pastor, and strong leader whose actions played an integral role in the advancement of the African American people as a whole. Born in Atlanta, Georgia in 1929, King spent the overwhelming majority of his l ife leading the African American Civil RightsRead MoreThe Equal Education System9443 Words   |  38 Pagespersonal perspectives and beliefs, focusing on the stereotypes of different social classes and its correlation with academic success. Additionally, the qualitative data also illustrates society’s changing perception on academic success. A content analysis on â€Å"Struggle Street† provided personal insight into the struggles and prejudice of individuals from low-socioeconomic backgrounds, allowing me to empathise with their perspectives. Conclusively, structured interviews conducted via email with ProfessorRead MoreRacial Profiling Essay7678 Words   |  31 Pageshave needed to consider whether they intend to (1) specifically ban police behavior, which is already unconstitutional under federal law, or (2) provide additional protections, which go beyond existing federal law. The focus of this policy analysis project revolves around Georgias Senate Bill 95 and other senate or house bills of that magnitude. Senate Bill 95 is a bill to be entitled an Act to amend Chapter 1 of Title 40 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated, relating to general provisions

Sex Education in American Schools Essay - 3375 Words

Every year in America, one million teen girls become pregnant and at least three million teens become infected with an STD (Donovan, 1). Though these numbers slightly fluctuate, problems facing American adolescents today, like HIV/AIDS, other STD’s, and teen pregnancy. This means that some needs to change. These problems will decline when sex education is revamped everywhere in America, by making the curriculum completely comprehensive in addressing problems facing adolescents today such as teen pregnancy, STD’s, rape, pressures and emotions dealing with sex, and give teens good communication skills. Right now teachers approach these subjects on their tip toes, dance around the issue, and not fully give out all the information.†¦show more content†¦Sometimes abstinence-based education can be very comprehensive, but in some conservative areas, it can be almost considered abstinence-only curriculum. Majority of the time abstinence-based curriculums, fall sh ort when addressing all the issues (Levine 12-15). To further understand sex issues facing adolescents today; let’s take a general look on what issues are being taught in schools. 69% of schools say there is a policy on sex education. The Alan Guttmacher Institute, which is a nonprofit organization that is focused on sexual reproductive health research, policy and analysis on public education, studied sex education today and compared it to a decade ago. 23% of schools in 2000 taught abstinence-only education, which was up 2% from 1988. The study also found that classes today are less likely to talk about birth control, abortion, obtaining and using contraception, ad sexual orientation, compared to the late 1980’s (The Alan Guttmacher Institute). The Henry J. Kaiser Foundation put together a survey asking students what was being taught in their sex education class. The Henry J. Kaiser Foundation is a major philanthropy foundation that focuses mainly on major health care issues facing the nation. The survey questione d 1,501 students nationwide and asked them questions concerning several topics. First, they asked what is considered to be â€Å"core elements† of sexShow MoreRelatedAccess to Evidence Based Sex Education in American Public Schools999 Words   |  4 PagesThere is a strong need for greater access to current and evidence-based sex education in American public schools. Concurrent with access to information and education about human sexuality, schools should also be offering students safe, anonymous ways of receiving condoms. Condoms are crucial for preventing unwanted pregnancy: and it can easily be said that all teen pregnancies in the United States will be classified as unwanted. Moreover, condoms will prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseasesRead MoreSex Education And The Early 19th Century1204 Words   |  5 PagesSex education is instruction on issues relating to human sexuality, including emotional relations and responsibilities, human sexual anatomy, sexual activity, sexual reproduction, age of consent, reproductive health, reproductive rights, safe sex, birth control, and abstinence. Sex education that covers all of these aspects is known as comprehensive sex education as opposed to the abstinence only education that only promotes abstinence. Common avenues for sex education are parents or caregivers,Read MoreSingle Sex Education : Harmful Or Helpful?1654 Words   |  7 PagesSingle Sex Education: Harmful or Helpful? Imagine walking down a hallway, where there are two doors opposite of each other. One of the doors is covered in pink frills and pictures of princesses, while the other is decked in blue and pictures of sports. From the pink door, giggles are heard along with sounds of cups clicking as girls have a tea party. While from the blue door, sounds of pretend racecars and children running can be heard. Now, are these classes taught equally? The public school systemRead MoreSexual Education And Sex Education1358 Words   |  6 PagesDo Not Have Sex, You Will Get Pregnant Die (Mean Girls) What if a rapist was coming at someone? Do kids know what to do besides lie on the ground and cry? What if a teenager had an unplanned pregnancy? Do they know their options about abortion or adoption or keeping the baby? Will young adults know the results of their choices? Sexual education teaches all of the following, and kids in the curriculum are more likely to defend themselves in a plot when they were approached by a stranger (â€Å"TeachingRead MoreEssay on The Key to Great Sex is Communication1019 Words   |  5 Pagesa nearby rack of colorful magazines. They read in big, bold letters, â€Å"10 Sex Secrets You Need To Know,† â€Å"7 Tips For Great Sex!† They look trashy, but you are intrigued nonetheless by the prospect of learning new, hidden secrets for better sex. You do not pick up the magazines to look through them, but you cannot help but wonder what secrets they hold. A good deal of those magazines actually say that the key to great sex is communication. According to The Cosmopolitan, communication allows partnersRead MoreLets Talk About Sex Education Essay1571 Words   |  7 PagesComprehensive sex education should be taught in public schools. The youth of today cannot make educated decisions regarding sex if they are not properly educated. Not educating America’s youth in all aspects of sex education is comparable to allowing them to drive without being taught. This choice of not allowing comprehensive sex education is schools is dangerous and can have life long consequences. These consequences will not only affect the individual but can ultimately affect America. It is vitalRead MoreThe Best Kind of Sex Education708 Words   |  3 Pages There is much controversy over which form of sex education should be taught, comprehensive sex education, or abstinence-only sex education. The definition for comprehensive sex education is responsible and balanced sexuality education that seeks to assist young people in understanding a positive view of sexuality, provide them with information and skills about caring for their sexual health, and help them acquire skills to make decisions now and in the future. It is medically accurate and providesRead More Education Is Key: A Comprehensive Approach to Sex Education Essay1579 Words   |  7 PagesSex education is about informing students about sex so that they can make educated decisions when the time comes to have sex. Sex education helps students protect themselves from unintended pregnancies, STDs, and HIV/AIDS. Students should leave a sex education course with the right tools so they make informed decisions about their sexual health and well-being. The goal of sex education is to provide a student with as much information as possible so that they can use the skills they learned inRead MoreSex And Its Effects On Children1706 Words   |  7 PagesWhen someone hears the word â€Å"sex†, or talks about sex, there is usually awkwardness that follows. Sex was a topic that is not supposed to be discussed publicly. Why is something so natural illegal to discuss or educate? Today, 1 in 4 teenagers acquire a sexually transmitted disease/infection. In 2015, 13,828 youth males were diagnosed with HIV. These statistics are so high because of the insufficient amount and the lack of information being taught to teens. With the media’s lack of discretion, teensRead MoreSingle Sex Schooling And Coeducation882 Words   |  4 PagesSingle-sex schooling and coeducation have been doing through a huge debate throughout the years. Researchers wonder if single-sex education is more useful than coeducation. Single-sex schooling occurred throughout the United Stat es history. Single-sex schooling was prevalent before the 19th century. During the 19th century, more single-sex schools were transforming into coeducational schools. In 1917 coeducation was instructed in the Soviet Union. According to Cornelius Riordan, â€Å"By the end of the

The Future of Customer Experience and Customer Service by...

Brief of the case study: The Future of Customer Experience And Customer Service By BlackBerry http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6TQtrXyeIhYamp;feature=share I have chosen a video released by BlackBerry recently, as my case study for this assignment. This case study makes us aware of the potential future of customer experience management with the advances in technology. Customer experience (CX) is the sum of all experiences a customer has with a supplier of goods or services, over the duration of their relationship with that supplier. From awareness, discovery, attraction, interaction, purchase, use, cultivation and advocacy. It can also be used to mean an individual experience over one transaction; the distinction is usually clear†¦show more content†¦There are hundreds of examples, with more coming every day. The point is these increasing levels of digitally driven personalization allow customers to choose what they consume, from whom, and how they interact with and consume it. These digital experiences are training smart customers to expect everything, from every company–product, services, experiences, and more–to be customized in a similar manner. When it comes to innovative customer experience, this all leads to one word: personalization. ‘One Size Fits All’ Simply Doesn’t Fly Anymore. And It Doesn’t Have To. No company can afford to or needs to deliver a fully customized â€Å"ideal experience† to each individual customer across the range of digital, human, and static touchpoints and interactions. The fact is, some customers are simply worth more than others, and it takes a great deal of intelligence for companies to figure out what the â€Å"right† experiences are for any given group of customers, much less how to personalize them. The good news is, â€Å"smart touchpoints† and the data they can produce, combined with the ability to analyze the digital breadcrumbs and data that surrounds almost every customer, means that any firm of any size has the tools for intelligent personalization at hand. Starting with what can be the biggest step, a firm needs to be willing to adjust its offerings to the needs of individual customers based on an understanding of what those individualShow MoreRelatedBlackberry Limited s Current Market Position And Strategy1533 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive Summary The goal of this report is to analyze BlackBerry Limited’s current market position and strategy, as well as identify opportunities the company may have to be successful in the future. Research from scholarly journals, along with financial statements and information from the company’s website, were used to derive information and support for this report. The results from my research indicate that BlackBerry has been on a downward slope since the introduction of the first iPhoneRead MoreDisconnect Of Communication By Employers1509 Words   |  7 Pagespriority(icaew). Failure to provide acceptable products or services will severely impact a business’s ability to attract paying customers. If technology fails and causes disruption in communication with vendors, resources can be delayed costing the company time and money, cutting into its profits. The more the company experiences problems with their systems, the greater the loss. If executives do not respond qu ickly to these concerns to correct future situations from occurring, they risk continued supportRead MoreResearch in Motion Limited (Rim) Strategic Analysis3396 Words   |  14 PagesAnalysis Internal Factor Analysis Summary (IFAS) 13 External Factor Analysis Summary (EFAS) 15 Strategic Factor Analysis Summary (SFAS) 17 TOWS Matrix 19 Assessment of Current Company’s Performance 22 Review of Option for Future Direction 24 Recommendation for Implementation of strategies 25 The Usefulness of Strategies Management Models 27 List of reference 29 (Total word count: 4,093 words) Acknowledgement Firstly, I would like toRead MoreQuestions On Blackberry Messenger Management1432 Words   |  6 PagesTO: BlackBerry Messenger Management FROM: Vincent Nguyen DATE: November 5th, 2015 SUBJECT: How BlackBerry Messenger can get to the top Recommendation: In order to avoid losing market share, BBM must significantly increase its revenue to remain competitive with other Instant Messaging services such as Facebook’s Messenger and WhatsApp. BBM’s (Blackberry Messenger) financial performance over the past several fiscal years has not met the expectations predetermined by management. My recommendationRead MoreResearch in Motion Limited (Rim) Strategic Analysis3404 Words   |  14 Pages Internal Factor Analysis Summary (IFAS) 13 External Factor Analysis Summary (EFAS) 15 Strategic Factor Analysis Summary (SFAS) 17 TOWS Matrix 19 Assessment of Current Company’s Performance 22 Review of Option for Future Direction 24 Recommendation for Implementation of strategies 25 The Usefulness of Strategies Management Models 27 List of reference 29 (Total word count: 4,093 words) Acknowledgement Firstly, I wouldRead MoreBlackberry turnaround strategy5482 Words   |  22 Pagesï » ¿ CAPSTONE FINAL REPORT BlackBerry Turnaround Strategy Submitted To: Submitted By: Prof. M. K. Seshasayee Abhishek Gupta (01) Abhishek Mehrotra (03) Project Guide Devanshu Gupta (19) Prof. Bidyanand Jha Giteshwari (23) Toushi Godra (92) Kirloskar Institute of Advanced Management Studies, Harihar Acknowledgement A work is never a work of individual or a Team. We owe a sense of gratitude to the intelligence and co-operation of thoseRead MoreConsumer Behaviour: Consumers Perception of Blackberry Phones5858 Words   |  24 PagesBUYER BEHAVIOUR MODULE CODE: 4MAM7A41 MODULE LEADER: FRANK AUTON GROUP COURSEWORK ASSIGNMENT â€Å"INVESTIGATING THE BLACKBERRY MARKET SHARE DECLINE† CHERRY NAIR 135803821 DESPINA LAZAROGLOU-BRIANI 13501130 FATIHI AGBAJE 13204792 DIMITRIS KASIDOKOSTAS 13534381 GREGORY ZAKHAROV 13556886 WORD COUNT: 3856 Index Executive summary 3 Introduction 4 Objectives 6 Research MethodologyRead MoreCatchment Analysis Catchment analysis is basically a tool for area mapping of that local market to1200 Words   |  5 Pagescompetitors, customers and traffic between them, in order to quantify the sizes and potentials of that local catchment areas and market of that area as a whole. Primary data is collected through personal interview using structured questionnaire. OBJECTIVES OF THE ANALYSIS: A. Primary Objective The essential purposes of catchment area analysis are to help †¢ Evaluate the impact made by the setting up of the store and its performance †¢ To see why this selected store is chosen by customers †¢ To workRead MoreMarketing Strategy for Blackberry Essay example3584 Words   |  15 Pagesblackberry Objective Regain blackberries 20% lost market share, and improve overall net profit vs. last year by 13% Offer the services that have already been introduced by competing company, and also work on providing customers with innovative applications Summary BLACKBERRY FOR BUSINESS Built to keep your   business moving Where multiple devices ownership models, applications and operating systems exist, BlackBerry ®Ã‚  perfectly balances end user and corporate needs to keep your businessRead MoreBlackberry Innovation: Diffusion Research Project4502 Words   |  19 PagesSection 8.0 Appendix A 11 Section 1.0 Executive Summary Section 2.0 Background The BlackBerry was first introduced on the market in 1998. By 2002, the wireless handheld device was further developed into a Smartphone. The wireless solution enables the use and accessibility of email, corporate and other data, as well as internet and telephone use. Research in Motion (RIM) designed the BlackBerry to cater to businesses and its employees seeking to stay connected with all aspects of their

Rational Number free essay sample

LEVEL I Q1) From the choices given below mark the co-prime numbers a) 2,3 (b) 2,4 (c) 2,5 (d) 2,107 Q2) Given a rational number -5/9. This rational number can also be known as a) A natural number (b) a rational number (c) a whole number (d) a real number Q3) The square root of which number is rational a) 7 (b) 1. 96 (c) 0. 04 (d) 13 Q4) 2 v7 is a) A rational number (b) an irrational number (c) a real number (d) a natural number Q5) To rationalize the denominator of the expression 1 , we multiply and divide by v7 v6 a) v7 + v6 (b) v6 (c) v7 ? v6 (d) v7 Q6) (125)-1/3 can be written as a) 5 (b) -5 (c) 1/5 (d) none of these Q7) Every point on the number line a) can be associated with a rational number b) can be associated with an irrational number c) can be associated with a natural number ) can be associated with a real number Q8) If z2 = 0. We will write a custom essay sample on Rational Number or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 04, then z represents a ____________ number. Q9) The number of irrational numbers between 15 and 18 is infinite. True or False Q10) Multiply 5v2 by 17 Q11) Give an example each of two irrational numbers, whose Sum, Difference, Product and Quotient is rational and irrational number. Q12) Find two rational and irrational numbers between 0. 5 and 0. 55. Q13) Represent -12/5 on the number line Q14) Express 0. 047 in the form p/q where p and q are integers and q? . LEVEL II Q1) Examine whether the following numbers are rational or irrational: i) (2-v3)2 ii) (v2+v3)2 iii) v3-1 v3+1 Q2) Express each of the following as a rational number in the simplest form:

Distributive Behavioral Therapy Hypnotherapeutic Treatment

Question: Describe about the Case Study of Distributive Behavioral Therapy for Hypnotherapeutic Treatment. Answer: Case study 1- Hypnotherapeutic Treatment (DBT) for Anxiety This case study examines the use of distributive- behavioral technique (DBT) which is a type of hypno-therapeutic treatment in detail. Mrs. X, 60 years old woman has come for DBT treatment due to anxiety. This case study explains about the patients profile, history of the patient, coping skills and weaknesses, physical, emotional and sensory problems to determine and create the basic foundation for implementing best treatment modality (Defazio, 2010, p. 34- 47) by using an eclectic hypno-therapeutic method to treat anxiety disorders (Bogels, 2010, p. 168-189). The data obtained from Mrs. X based on the various sections of hypnosis will help to work towards achieving the positive and realistic goals (Robbins et al, 2009, p. 1163-1184). In this case study, an evaluation of the existing psychological- analytical issues related to anxiety of Mrs. X will be done and clear understanding of the social, cultural, economical, environmental and personal life aspects relating to anxiety of Mrs. X will be achieved. The aggravating factors for anxiety that has affected the daily activities of Mrs. X were discovered. Hypnotherapy is an effective treatment used to control anxiety that helps to align the hypno- cognitive and behavioral therapies. It aids in adjusting the un-wanted behavior as an appropriate interventional strategy (Green, 2014, p. 199-212). The sessions included in this case essay is based on evidence- related practice for managing Mrs. X by using DBT in treating her anxiety (Robbins, 2009, p.1163-1184). Background information In 2005, Ajzen states that an individuals behavior is affected by the factors that exert their effects on it. Therefore the background information is clearly discussed here. Mrs. X is a 60 year old woman lost her very caring husband six months before due to a road traffic accident in front of her. She has two sons and one daughter. Her elder son lives away from her in other city, who visits her once in a year and younger son lives in other country and rarely visits her. Her daughter, Karen visits her once in 2 months. She lives alone and feels isolated as no one is there to take care of her. She tends to forget even the basic life activities which makes her feel unworthy. She has lost all her confidence and feels isolated. Her husband was her best friend and she misses him very much. She has only 2 friends and will talk to them over phone rarely. Previously, she worked in a large organization in a managerial position and loves to work but she couldnt work because of her illness. She is unable to adapt and cope with the stress existing in her life. She expresses that she is not able to concentrate in her life activities. Mrs. X states that when she thinks about her life, she will start taking short- breath, shivering, sweating excessively, pounding heart beat, butterflies in stomach, heart-burn, flushed and feels nauseated to the point to vomit and as an impending doom (Beyondblue, n. d.). She expresses that she is burden to her family and world and wanted to commit suicide. Her neck becomes stiff and has pain in shoulders, back and neck. She always feels tensed and anxious unnecessarily. She has no goals in her life and is ready to die. She has sleeping disturbance and gets night- mares, panic attacks, jitters, wobby legs and feels exhausted, tired and unable to go for a walk like before (DSM-V, APA, 2013). Her heart rate: 86 beats/ mins, respiratory rate: 24 breaths/ min, blood pressure: 150/ 100 mm Hg is increased. She smokes cigarettes (5/day), drinks alcohol occasionally and uses cannabis regularly. She is a know case of diabetes, asthma and hypertension for past 20 years and is on drugs. Her mo ther was having anxiety and took anti- anxiety drugs. Problem Description Mrs. X shows behavioral symptoms as with-drawn features, avoids situations as consulting a doctor for health and forces to rituals to relieve anxiety. She is not assertive and avoids eye contact during conversation. She is unable to take decisions and startles frequently. She has physical symptoms as racing heart, shortness in breathing, vomits and regurgitates often. She complains of stomach pain and heart burn at times of anxiety. She guards neck, shoulder and jaw by expressing as pain (DSM-V, APA, 2013). She looks much tensed and is detached to her environment. She has difficulty in sleeping due to night mares. She has increased sweating, shivering and difficulty to concentrate. She has hot flushes and numbness with tingling sensation in both legs. She always feels light headed and faints. She expressed her altered thoughts as I am doing crazy things, I couldnt control my-self, I am going to die now, I wont live, others are always talking behind me, having terrible dreams, getting flashback of my husbands death, unable to stop worrying and unwanted thoughts. She has feelings of fear when seeing her husbands photos, hospitals and watching sensational scenes in television. She expresses that she has medical problem that is undiagnosed and worried about health condition. She is feeling dreadful and bad thing is going to happen. She is constantly tensed and nervous and has panic attacks that are un-controllable. Understanding of the problem Analyzing the history of Mrs. X, suggests that she demonstrates the features of anxiety disorders specifically generalized- anxiety disorder. The features of anxiety will be expressed for at least 6 months which is evident in the history of Mrs. X (DSM, V, APA, 2013). According to DSM criteria, the people with anxiety will be worried if they visualize or think about aggravating situation. She meets this criterion as she gets anxiety when thinks about her husband. She is unable to control her worries, physical symptoms, fatigue, difficult to concentrate, disturbance in sleep, tiredness as per DSM- V criteria. These features cause impairment in functioning and not meeting daily activities which is similar to X. She is a known case of performance anxiety which all suggests that X has anxiety disorder. Normally, anxiety occurs due to the arousal of the sympathetic- nervous system to trigger fight/ flight response and it is counteracted by the para-sympathetic nerves to restore homeostasi s and maintain equilibrium of a person when trigger is relieved (Gurgevich, 2016). If there is alteration in the serotonin synthesis, this nervous mechanism will be altered leading to continuous anxious state exhibiting its symptoms. Intervention Various psychotherapies should be given to X with anxiety as cognitive hypnotherapy, cognitive-behavior, inter-personal and cognitive-mindfulness therapy (beyondblue, n. d, 27). X should receive cognitive therapy to modify her feelings of anxiety, suicidal and negative thoughts by altered cognitive response (Segal, 2013, p. 12). She should be given with supportive therapies as reassurance, motivation to express her emotions, behavior training, relaxation techniques, etc. Individual and group therapies will help to divert her mind but engaging her in group therapy might be difficult (Fehr, 2016, p. 12). It could be overcome by promoting mutual relationship with the group members. Family therapy, behavior therapy with social- skills and assertiveness training should be given to overcome anxiety symptoms. Case study: 1 Cognitive-behavioral form of hypno-therapy (CBH) is the basis for modern hypno-therapy and hypno-psychotherapy.It is a type of hypnotherapy that combines the oldest concepts and techniques of hypnosis with modern theories of cognitive-behavioral science and cognitive behavioral technique.Hypno-therapy is useful in removing the disruptive thoughts (schemas), which is responsible for altered behavior and hence called as DBT (Bretherton, 2014). DBT helps to develop optimistic ideas, alleviate previous traumas, modify themselves and remove worst experiences (Walters, 1993. p. 37). At the beginning, the hypno-therapist and Mrs. X has to discuss and identify the negative schemas leading to challenging behaviors. This could be done by hypno-therapeutic sessions and/or talk- therapy (without hypnosis) (Bretherton, 2014). In this, the patient will be directed access to schema linked with this behavior. After identifying the negative schema, the therapist and patient will explore the causes of altered behavior as the nature of schema, thoughts associated with it, method of influence of schema on thoughts, emotional reward associated to supporting the schema to understand the associated components in schema (Bretherton, 2014). The advantages of this method is to relax and alert the patient, reduce distractions, eliminate negative thoughts, to get exact and clear answers and unfold the thoughts of the patient. After mapping the schema, the hypno-therapist will introduce suggestions to patients (hypnotized) and encouraging her to identify and trace out the schematic changes, which may lead to positive behaviors (Jensen et al, 2014). If a patient mentioned that only a depressed person will believe the thinking that has driven the schema, then a hypno-therapist may suggest the patient, which he/ she note for the way to gain happiness in his/ her life regularly. The hypno-therapist should confirm the altered schema by asking for yes response from the patient which is expected. DBT will aid to change the behavior within hypno-therapeutic context. The various steps of disruptive- behavioral technique are as follows. First step involves recognition of the behavioral pattern that aids to focus on it. Usually, the client himself will report to the therapist about their problems. But sometimes, the framed goal of therapy might not be adequate goal for inducing therapy. However, as with any hypnotherapy, the stated goal of therapy may not be the same as the actual goal. At times, the clients may request hypnosis for more concrete problem, which is limited/ differently considered than the real problem requiring assistance (Bretherton, 2014). Example: a patient with struggle in work and needs assistance for work stress might not understand that the work- behavior occurs due to the ignorance of other related issues, which might required to be solved well before those work- behaviors could be balanced. It is important to define the existing problem requiring solution appropriately. Because of this, the brain state could be noted clearly to have work- anxiety and appropriate measures could be taken. It has to be investigated before proceeding with hypnosis as it will reveal the importance of preparatory session of therapy that may help the patients to set goals for therapy in safest and non judgmental area. The next step involves discovering of main behavioral triggers. In this, the hypno-therapist and patient should work to-gather to find out the negative- schema that is linked with mal-adaptive behavior. Similar to cognitive- behavioral therapy (Cully et al, n. d.), DBT also involves identifying the framed problem clearly and circumstances under which it arises will give clue to solve the mal-adaptive behavior. It has to be done in trance- state in order to identify the structure as well as framing of schema. Many questions has to be asked to be address mal-adaptive behavior as the nature of schema, thoughts attached to that, context of schema, method by which the behavior is produced, type of event and environment that triggers the activation of schema and outcome of the mal-adaptive behavior that results due to schema. Body- talk is usually used in this session. Then appropriate aspect of the behavior and triggers should be identified (Bretherton, 2014). Understanding the clients language for key problems will ease the acceptance of schema. As it reduces the cortexs (frontal and parietal) involvement in understanding and processing the negative schema that is presented, will reduce the cognitive burden to ease the patient to think about the negative- schema, triggers and behavior. It benefits the therapists by helping to identify the patients primary (sensory and representational) system, and to frame the schema in the acceptable language. Due to this, the hypno-therapist will speak little to the frontal- cortex of the patient but more to the aspect of intuition. The next step is to identify the newer behavioral pattern to change the negative- scheman (Bretherton, 2014). The hypno-therapist and patient will work with mutual- trance to identify an acceptable behavior, which helps to redirect the beh avior response to any triggers making them to travel in a varied neural-pathway. The hypno-therapist will encourage the patient to identify the behavior that is plausible- response for a trigger, satisfies emotional needs and induces a varied behavior. Then, post- hypnotic suggestion will be embedded (Bretherton, 2014). In this, a good response to the triggers will be identified and the patient will be encouraged in adapting the newer behavior and remove the older schema. It is the most effective step. The final step involves helping patient to develop a newer behavior for daily life. Transcript of a section of therapy in general I want to spare 5 10 minutes to tell you about the approach. Generally, it is based on the observation of many people what our emotions feelings as well as behaviors in a specific situations follow from how we will think regarding these situations. My aim is to make you to understand as the way how you visualize the things especially important things in your life which is related to anxiety and to assist you to look at these behaviors objectively. We will try to analyze your behavior and modify it appropriately. Lets try to view the possibilities and change anxious feelings to help you to live a sound life. Outcomes The hypno-therapist will frame a post-therapy hypnotic suggestion with instructions what the behavior the patient will show after termination in the own language of the patient. It helps to accept, absorb and embed the newer behavior. It helps to transfer the older schema with a new behavior. It reinforces the neural pathways and develops stronger associations that are needed to change a behavior. The hypno-therapy session will help the patient to alter the older behavior, control the trigger and help the patient to develop newer behavior to adapt to the situations. It will help the patient to use the newer understanding to the world and control the triggering. Case study 2 Disruptive behavioral technique is best modality for anxiety in elderly people. The brain with anxious stimulation functions in a persistent highest state of alertness, which exhausts both brain and body. The amygdale, frontal- cortex as well as HPA will operate at a highest rate whereas the regulation of dopamine primes the negative valence attachment to experiences and there is an increased secretion of gluco-corticoids in the body (Bretherton, 2014). Based on the neurological aspect, the aim of the therapy lies in the restoration of normalized inhibition of HPA arising from hippo-campal region and to stop the feedback that arises from the frontal- cortex thus activating amygdale (Bretherton, 2014). It will also help to up-regulate serotonin, which helps to balance the activity of dopamine. As the deeper relaxation is already linked with hypnosis which is highly beneficent in interrupting anxiety cycle, the main aim with disruptive- behavioral therapy should be to change the respon se of the patient to the inducing triggers of anxiety and helps to distract and calm Mrs. X. The introduction of memories that relaxes Mrs. X will help to restore the hippo-campal areas inhibition and reinforcing the self-esteem behaviors, which will up-regulate the serotonin production will aid in anxiety relief. DBT is also used for lower self esteem in case of anxiety. Absence of self esteem will make an individual to become labile, highly stressed whereas good self esteem will enhance memory and cognitive- flexibility because regulated serotonin levels are extremely important for self-esteem (Bretherton, 2014). The lower self-esteem is connected with dis-regulation of orbito-frontal cortex as well as hippocampus. DBT helps to re-frame her helplessness as hypno-therapy is a plastic-state (Alladin, 2007). The lowered self-esteem with associated anxiety and depression lies in 4 perpetuating- schema as stable (cant be changed), global (linking to scenarios, events), internal (personal characteristics) and overwhelming (cant be controlled). Due to its neural plasticity, hypno-therapy is used to increase empathy (from mirror- neurons activity with attached support), relax, and reduce the involvement of ACC and stimulation of hippocampus with the sense of feeling good after an anxiety state. Moreover, DBT helps to destroy the older schema and replaces it with newer schema (Bretherton, 2014). It directs the neural pathway of Mrs. X to become anxious state to a newer neural pathway. DBT helps to relieve anxiety and low-esteem by introducing newer schema in many ways. It may help Mrs. X to recall her pleasant memories with husband and children as it will stimulate hippocampus that helps to destroy the negative schema and replace with constructive schema. It could be used in a traditional way to guide to explore better ways. DBT will help Mrs. X to identify the causes for anxiety behaviors and the ways to modify it. As DBT instills the newer behavior in the mind of Mrs. X, DBT is used for her. The study proposed by Raichle (2001) shows that hypnosis helps to make cognitive and behavioral modifications and reveals about differences in performance. DBT was selected for Mrs. X as she showed more behavioral features with feelings of with-drawn, isolated, no one is there to take care of her and avoiding behavior. DBT will aid her to replace her newer features with older pleasant memories by stimulating hippocampus. Further, she has no assertiveness and didnt keep eye contact while speaking and hence DBT is used to promote assertiveness (cognition). Posner (2007) states that hypnosis will guide to clearly understand the brain- systems and neural networks that arises due to the activation of specific part of brain through the analysis of cognition and emotion. So, DBT is used for X to understand her neural networks to re-direct it to newer pathway. As X is not performing her daily activities, DBT will help to understand the reason for it. Tang (2009) suggests that hypnotic state will help to maintain more connection of anterior-cingulate and para-sympathetic nerves which confirm that hypnosis is a best management method in anxiety relief. In 2009, Kounios states that hypnosis helps to identify the state of brain affecting in-sight achievement during problem- solving which confirm that DBT is best suited for X. The sensorial and sleep disturbances will affect the brain- state ultimately affecting the performance. Mrs. X with sleep disturbance will identified by hypnosis to improve her performance and relieve her physical symptoms. Anxiety varies based on the ageing of brain- networks and hypnosis will help to trace it accordingly (Kounios, 2009). Thus, DBT will help Mrs. X to relieve from behavioral symptoms which will in-turn relieves physical, emotional symptoms with oriented thought process. It will destroy her older behavior and introduce newer behavior. I thought that, DBT could be best used when a great inter- personal relationship is maintained with the client. Maintaining rapport will help to gain co-operation with anxiety patient and aid to improve concentration during the procedure. Gaining attention from anxiety patient is much difficult and hence rapport will gain attention from these patients. The conscious cognitive development of rapport will aid in the sub-versive un-conscious reaction for this therapy (Murdin Errington, 2005). The trust factor helps the patient to relax easily, pay attention and ventilate their positive and negative emotions freely. According to me, maintaining rapport is most important to practice DBT as it involves triggering the personal factors to analyze the source of anxiety. As a therapist, I have conducted the session only for 45 minutes which is adequate to gain attention and express her thoughts and behavior. I was able to collect both positive and negative behavior. I have maintained good rapport with eye contact. I have induced slowly with past memories. I have gathered all the triggering factors of her anxiety. First, I have started form herself from childhood, her parents, husband, children and her social relationship. I have asked about presenting symptoms and debilitating factors. From the conversation, I was able to understand that she is alone and feels isolated. I have analyzed that she is affected by her husbands memories who has passed away recently and no one to take care of her. She has expressed her feelings of worthlessness, inability to concentrate, unwilling to live and unable to perform her basic activities. This helped me to help her to recollect positive memories with her husband and children and methods to overcome triggers. I hav e given 10 sessions individually 3 times in a week for 45 minutes. I have targeted on her attention, memory, self- esteem, working, concentration and self- control and suggested clues to modify it (Jensen, 2014). These all increased the efficacy of DBT. While using DBT, the clients should be made to re-call positive memories and lowered self-esteem. Ask like traditional form of cognitive- behavioral therapy (CBT), a guided exploration is needed in trance to help them to be aware of the methods to remove anxiety and lowered self- esteem. CBT with DBT will add values for the therapy as they involve both in modifying the behavior by destroying older behavior. The suggestions during hypnotic as well as post- hypnotic period could be used to guide patients with positive behaviors, which are triggered by certain events. Repeating and reinforcing the suggestions will activate the mirror neurons to conceptualize it efficiently. Repeated therapy sessions with introduction of various disruptions will down size the negative schema and maximize positive schema. Transcript of a session It is a most beautiful cold day with a lovely morning snow. You have stepped into a forest which is looks amazing with green trees.., blossoming flowers, birds, and walking through an oldest path of the forest towards the meadow. You are walking a long distance.. The meadow keeps stretching far into a great distance.. A slow and soft breeze waves your face, hair, cheeks.. you smell the sweet fragrance of a variety of colorful flowers which are bloomed.You see white color, red color, pink colored flowerswith butterflies sitting on the pollens.. sucks honeyhas multiple colors as greenish blue, violet.dark red antennae.. you have started to smile at your lipsone of the most beautiful butterfly..sits on your hands.you play with it..snow falls on your lips, face, hands.your lips looks as covered with the meadow you see around yousmall parrots.with light..greenish color..bright red.. beaks..flies in front of younear your facecircles you..sits on your shoulder.sees you..you smile at parrot parrot flies.and sits on a snow filed.tree.dark green trees..you love to sit at its branches..with flowers on it..you wanted to.pluck the flowers.as burden.in your life..keep burdens below.your feet..relax. again snow started falling.on you..you walk slowly..in the forest with meadowan orange flower..touches the legs.looks so lovely.you pickedup the flower.in your hand you smell it..smellsmell.relaxrelax..relax deeply.breathe deeply..relaxmove.out.your.. worries..relaxfrom.your.headbreath.deeply.relax your..face.nose..neck..shoulders..left.right.chest..your upper- backleft arm..right armabdomen..pelvic area..thighs.left.rightkneesleftright.. calvesfeet toesremove your worries.sufferings..fell.calm...relaxed..free of tensionsworries..sufferings..sun shine slowly on your back.you feel little warm..nicefeelings..you see a chimney..reddark redcolor.you walk..towardit..you seea terraceof a beautiful house..coveredwith snows.looks white.pure whitecoloryou see a chair..in front of it.black .colored..you siton it..think..about event..that makes.you feel anxious..tensed..send..thatevent.tothe.cloudsin.the sky.movingfastcarriesyour.your worries.sufferings.watchthe clouds..your worriesare movingits disappearing.disappearing.relax.relax..yourfeelingsof..feelings of. anxiousnessgone,disappearedyour are free from tension.free.your heart rate is regularrelaxed.see the snow.meltsslowly.as the sunshinesslowly on it..your anxiousness, worries..sufferings.meltsgradually meltsas ice. You see. a well you begin.. to walk. towards it ... walk closerand closer to its edge .....has 9 foot circles..leading to a ground..you kneel.downto look down.you feel cool breeze..keep coming from its bottom..smells as clean water you find stairs..in the inner wall of the well..you wanted to walk in the stairs..looks to have many stairs.like you with worries..many stepsyou wanted to walk through itlike you wanted to get rid of worriesanxiousness..you keep your right foot on the 1st stepyoulook there are 15 stepsyou look down..steps are.going deeper and deeper.. you seea clam..relaxed place..safe placefree form worriesyou step down.15.14 step.you place your right handon the rock walls..on the sides of the well.. rock walls with stonestoo soft to touch.too coldto touch.looks velvety.seems like old walls..you step into step 13you feel safe..you hold the walls nicely.you are excited to see the deep of the well.you step down one by oneto 12.you see you are nearing deep into the well..step 11.you gain confidencethat you can reach the well without sufferingsworrieslike you reach good outcomeafter sufferings in your life.you could see the inside of the well good than beforeyou step down to 10you are free from worries.you have left all your worriesyou are going to be free..from sufferingsyou step into987.you are closely nearing6..you are getting down..by holding the walls5..4.3you are too close to achieve your goal..2you are much excited..1yes only one step to reachto get rid of your worries and sufferings..then you step intothe bottom..you have achieved your goal.you see fresh smelling water.flows..flows.you see. water is flowing .to from a stream.You claim again into all the stepslike.you are destroying all the obstaclesyou are proceeding to leave all your worries..you have reached the top of the well. just then you see a stream of waterflowing streamrunning in between meadowwater if flowingrelaxrelax.let your worriesflow like a water..relax..water is runningyour worries are..running out from you.relaxits keep running..worries have goneit has completely gone..a boat comesnear you.small boat..no one is inside the boatyou tryto get into the boat.pull the boat..take yourright leg.keep it inside the boat.hold your hands properly on the boattake effortkeep leg inside the boat.you see a small benchyou siton it..very small bench..you paddle the boat..its moving..slowlyslowlyslowly.your anxiousness.sufferingsworries are moving out slowlyas the boat moves.your anxiousness.sufferings.moves out of youboat reaches...you are free from worries..slowly gaining consciousnessslowly open your eyes.. Research- academic articles- 1 Halsband et al (2009) has conducted a study on the plasticity changes in brain during both hypnosis and meditation. It states that hypnotic trance induction as modified states of consciousness that emphasize attention, concentration and the letting go of thoughts, but they differ in terms of sensory input, processing, memory, and the sense of time. Hypnosis is based on the suggestibility of a person. In this study, they have analyzed the shared as well as non shared neural- substrates by using electro-encephalography, positron- emission tomography and functional type of magnetic- resonance imaging (fMRI). They noted that there was most pronounced changes in EEG only during deep hypnosis rather than light hypnosis (step- by- step induction) which is similar to the hypno-therapy induction for anxiety. They found that meditation shows more pronounced alpha frequency waves at frontal areas especially in higher amplitudes whereas it is pronounced mostly in central and temporal areas durin g hypnosis. PET imagery suggest that, during hypnosis an increased activation in the cortex of occipital lobe cortex and pre- frontal regions were seen which implies that hypnosis is most useful to relive anxiety. Hypnosis improves the memory and performances which are needed for an anxiety person with increased shivering, sweating and poor concentration. The researchers suggests that hypnosis changes the effective connectivity relationship between fusi- form gyrus, anterior part of cingulated- cortex and intra- parietal sulcus areas which is useful to change the disruptive behavior of a person with anxious feelings. It suggests that hypnosis will help to modify the older neural pathway (showing feelings of anxiety) to a newer neural pathway that was introduced by the hypno- therapist (Bretherton, unit 6). This study gives a clear understanding of the neural pathways that underlies meditation and hypnosis. For an anxiety patient, hypnosis should be induced by the hypno-therapist by mutual trance induction to trace out both acceptable and un- acceptable behavior and the triggers of unacceptable behavior. It will definitely help to re-direct triggers of un- acceptable behavioral response to travel through a different neural pathway. Thus, hypnosis will help to identify the altered behavior, satisfy their emotional needs and induce a dif ferent behavior. The study findings suggest that, hypnosis will help to modify the features of anxiety with behavioral symptoms as withdrawn feature, avoiding triggering situations and physical symptoms as increased heart beat, shortness in breath, vomiting, etc. Further research is needed with large sample size to generalize the findings. The study findings help to treat anxiety through hypnosis by embedding the suggestions in the post hypnotic state (Bretherton, 2014). At this time, the better responses to a trigger will be noted and the client will be helped to move out the negative thoughts and to acquire new behavior. Hypno- therapy causes increased neural- plasticity, relaxation, increased feelings of empathy (which is from mirror- neuronal activity as well as an attachment- support), decreased stimulation of hippo-campus with increased feelings of well- being. Therefore, hypnosis is well suited to treat anxiety disorders and to replace triggers with sense of comfort, relaxed feeling with impro ved self esteem and self confidence. Research- academic articles- 2 Posneret al (2016) has studied about the relation between brain- states with hypnosis. This study has reviewed various research studies related to hypnosis. It states that hypnosis helps to understand the brain systems regarding hypnotic activities and neural networks arising from specific activations of brain based on the analysis of intellectual (cognitive) and emotional aspects is obtained by hypnosis (Posner et al, 2007). The study conducted by Raichle (2001) reveals that hypnosis helps to analyze the differences in performance of tasks. These findings suggest that hypnosis will be helpful to analyze various (cognitive and behavioral) aspects of anxiety. The study states that the brain state influences the psychological performance of a person that is related to his achievement. Hence hypnosis could be used to study the achievement of a person which is similar to anxiety person with poor achievement and performance (Raz et al, 2011). The hypnotic state maintains increased connect ivity of anterior- cingulate with para- sympathetic nerves (Tang, 2009) which proves that hypnosis is best management technique to relieve anxiety. It is evident from the above mentioned study by Halsband in 2009. The study by Kounios (2009) proposes that the brain- state affects the process of in-sight achieving at the time of problem solving. Even sensory and sleep deprivation will influence brain- states affecting ones performance. It suggests that hypnosis is needed to identify the brain- state affecting performance. The anxiety persons will have sleep disturbances and poor concentration affecting their performance. The control of cognitional and emotional response is based on brain- networks related to attention which may change with development that is related to parietal, frontal cortex and sub- cortical regions. It clearly states that sense of anxiety varies based on ageing of brain networks. The control systems during infancy are based on orientation to external- stimuli, w hich continues to adult stage and is dominated by an executive network that is controlled by a person's goal. So targeting control systems of infancy period will modify the anxiety behaviors. The transition in brain- control networks is based on the gene of a person as anxiety disorder is due to hereditary influence (Beyond blue, n. d.). Raz in 2005 has studied about the relation between COMT- gene and susceptibility for hypno-therapeutic suggestion. Many studies were conducted which shows that the variations in genetic make- up of the COMT- gene are highly related to the execution of attention, especially the ability of a person to solve the conflict. A longitudinal study also suggests that there is a great association between the changes in the COMT- gene with early development of a child and during 2 years old, this gene is found to be strongly related to a certain task (Voelker, 2009) that seems to include particularly the orientation network. These findings portrays that anxiety is mainly due to the genetic changes in COMT- gene and hypnosis is needed for these patients to gain attention and ability to solve problems. Personal reflection The present case of Mrs. X with anxiety disorder helps me to clearly understand about the type of history to be collected with previous medical history, family history, understanding the problems (physical, emotional, behavioral symptoms) and various interventions applicable for Mrs. X. It has helped me understand about Distributive- Behavioral Technique, its uses, process in anxiety and lower self esteem. I have learned about the steps of Distributive- behavioral technique and how to perform this technique in patients. I have also understood that it could be used for other disorders as depression, insomnia, etc for old age people. The article review of two articles portrayed the effect of hypnosis on brain state and brain- plasticity. I have learned about the technique of the therapy and how to get rid of anxious feelings for person. Overall, this case study helped me to conduct hypno-therapy treatment for persons with anxiety disorders. I am much confident in performing distributiv e- behavioral technique. Reference Ajzen I.Attitudes, Personality, and Behavior. England:Open University Press; 2005. 142 p. Alladin, Assen. Handbook of Cognitive Hypnotherapy for Depression: An evidence-based approach. 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